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. 2018 Nov 21;8:17171. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35649-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Age differences in sensitivity to blockade of GABA-A receptors. Picrotoxin (PTX) or vehicle was administered into the BLA while recordings LFPS. (A) In the LAT, PTX had minimal effect on facilitation/depression of LFPs at 10 Hz (p > 0.05, two-way ANOVA; compare vehicle plot with PTX plot), but it significantly increased facilitation of LFPs in PND 72–75 rats at 20 Hz (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA), with minimal impact in PND 39 rats. PTX significantly reversed the depression of LFPs at 40 Hz in both PND 72–75 and PND 39 LAT (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA both comparisons). (B) The same pattern was observed upon measurement of LAT summation ratio, where PTX reversed the depression at 40 Hz in PND 72–75 and PND 39 rats (*p < 0.05, post-hoc Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after two-way ANOVA; compare vehicle plot with PTX plot), and additionally at 20 Hz in PND 72–75 rats (*p < 0.05, post-hoc Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after two-way ANOVA). (C) The magnitude of the effect of PTX was measured across age in the LAT. PTX had significantly greater impact in PND 72–75 rats compared to PND 39 rats (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). (D) The LAT summation ratio after PTX was similar in PND 72–75 and PND 39 rats (p > 0.05, two-way ANOVA), suggesting that a difference in GABAergic function is sufficient to explain age differences in LAT summation of LFPs. (E) In the BA, PTX had minimal effect on summation of LFPs at 10 Hz (p > 0.05, two-way ANOVA), but it significantly increased LFP facilitation in adults at 20 Hz (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA), with minimal impact in PND 39 rats. PTX significantly reversed the depression of LFPs at 40 Hz in both PND 72–75 and PND 39 BA (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA both comparisons). This pattern was similar to effects in LAT. (F) Also similar to LAT, PTX in the BA reversed the suppression of summation at 40 Hz in PND 72–75 and PND 39 rats (*p < 0.05, post-hoc Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after two-way ANOVA), and additionally increased summation at 20 Hz in PND 72–75 rats (*p < 0.05, post-hoc Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test after two-way ANOVA). (G) The magnitude of the effect of PTX in the BA was significantly greater in PND 72–75 compared to PND 39 rats (*p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). (H) When compared after PTX there was still a significant difference in BA summation ratios between PND 72–75 and PND 39 rats (*p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). This indicates that GABAergic inhibition is not likely to explain age differences in LFP summation in BA.