Table 3.
Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail meat and meat product in China.
| Antimicrobial group | Antibiotics | No. (%) of resistant isolates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All isolates (n = 868) | Raw meat (n = 415) | Quick-frozen meat (n = 354) | RTE meat (n = 99) | ||
| β-Lactams | Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 96 (11.1) | 46 (11.1) | 39 (11.0) | 11 (11.1) |
| Ampicillin | 742 (85.4) | 361 (87.0) | 293 (82.8) | 88 (88.9) | |
| Cefepime | 46 (5.3) | 23 (5.5) | 17 (4.8) | 6 (6.1) | |
| Cefoxitin | 62 (7.1) | 34 (8.2) | 20 (5.6) | 8 (8.1) | |
| Penicillin G | 735 (84.6) | 357 (86.0) | 289 (81.6) | 89 (89.9) | |
| Ceftazidime | 68 (7.8) | 37 (8.9) | 23 (6.5) | 8 (8.1) | |
| Aminoglycosides | Amikacin | 65 (7.5) | 33 (8.0) | 28 (7.9) | 4 (4.0) |
| Gentamicin | 169 (19.4) | 76 (18.3) | 67 (18.9) | 26 (26.3) | |
| Kanamycin | 394 (45.3) | 207 (49.9) | 144 (40.7) | 43 (43.4) | |
| Streptomycin | 183 (21.1) | 83 (20.0) | 81 (22.9) | 19 (19.2) | |
| Phenicols | Chloramphenicol | 114 (13.1) | 64 (15.4) | 41 (11.6) | 9 (9.1) |
| Lincosamides | Clindamycin | 257 (29.6) | 122 (29.4) | 111 (31.4) | 24 (24.2) |
| Macrolides | Erythromycin | 458 (52.7) | 222 (53.5) | 190 (53.7) | 47 (47.5) |
| Telithromycin | 262 (30.1) | 124 (29.9) | 108 (30.5) | 30 (30.3) | |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin | 147 (16.9) | 77 (18.6) | 61 (17.2) | 8 (8.1) |
| Norfloxacin | 177 (20.4) | 87 (21.0) | 81 (22.9) | 8 (8.1) | |
| Tetracyclines | Tetracycline | 428 (49.3) | 227 (54.7) | 169 (47.7) | 32 (32.3) |
| Oxazolidinones | Linezolid | 5 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.5) |
| Ansamycins | Rifampicin | 81 (9.3) | 34 (8.2) | 32 (9.0) | 15 (15.2) |
| Sulfonamides | Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole 1:19 | 51 (5.9) | 27 (6.5) | 20 (5.6) | 4 (4.0) |
| Quinolones | Quinupristin/dalfopristin | 34 (3.9) | 15 (3.6) | 15 (4.2) | 4 (4.0) |
| Glycopeptides | Teicoplanin | 8 (0.9) | 5 (1.2) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nitrofurantoins | Nitrofurantoin | 10 (1.2) | 8 (1.9) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fusidic acid | 160 (18.4) | 73 (17.6) | 60 (16.9) | 26 (26.3) | |
| ANTIMICROBIALS | |||||
| 1–5 Antimicrobials | 478 (55.0) | 234 (56.4) | 192 (54.2) | 55 (55.6) | |
| 6–10 Antimicrobials | 234 (26.9) | 114 (27.5) | 93 (26.3) | 30 (30.3) | |
| 11–15 Antimicrobials | 79 (9.1) | 34 (8.2) | 33 (9.3) | 7 (7.1) | |
| 16–24 Antimicrobials | 25 (2.9) | 14 (3.4) | 8 (2.3) | 1 (1.0) | |