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. 2018 Jun 8;218(Suppl 5):S545–S552. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy267

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Comparison of antibody responses induced by soluble glycoprotein (sGP)-microneedle (MN) patches and sGP-intramuscular (IM) immunizations. Mice (groups of 5) were vaccinated by MN patch delivery (sGP-MN) or IM injection (sGP-IM) of 5 µg sGP vaccines twice at 4-week intervals. The control group mice received IM injection of 50 µL phosphate-buffered saline. The peak serum samples were collected at 2 weeks after the second immunization, and the memory serum samples were collected at 16 weeks after the second immunization. (A) The levels of sGP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified sGP as coating antigen. (B) The levels of GP-specific IgG antibodies were determined by ELISA using purified GP as coating antigen. The antibody concentration was determined from a standard curve and expressed as ng/ml. Statistical analysis for differences in antibody responses against sGP and GP between indicated groups (denoted by “a” through “d”) were done by a a 2-tailed unpaired t test. a, sGP-MN vs sGP-IM (peak sera against sGP), P = .0001; b, sGP-MN vs sGP-IM (memory sera against sGP), P = .0001; c, sGP-MN vs sGP-IM (peak sera against GP), P = .0001; d, sGP-MN vs sGP-IM (memory sera against GP), P = .0001.