Table 1.

Drugs Advanced to Synergy Tests Against Ebola Virus Infection of Huh7 Cells

Druga	Anti-EBOV Activity Detected, by Testb	Stage Blocked	Step Blockedc	Status	Clinical Used
3-Deazaneplanocin A	1, 2	Postentry	RNA synthesis	Preclinical study	NA
Amodiaquine e	2	Entry	Acidification	FDA approved	Antimalarial
Apilimod	1, 2	Entry	Traffic	Phase 2 study in US	NA
Aripiprazole	2	Entry	Internalizationf	FDA approved	Psychosis
Azithromycin e	No	Entry	Fusionf	FDA approved	Antibacterial
Bepridil e	2	Entry	Fusion	FDA approvedg	Hypertension
Clomiphene	1, 2	Entry	Fusion	FDA approved	Female infertility
Colchicine	1, 2	Entry	Traffic	FDA approved	Gout
Favipiravir	No	Postentry	RNA synthesis	JMHLW approved, phase 3 study in US	Antiinfluenza
Mycophenolate	1, 2	Postentry	RNA Synthesis	FDA approved	Immunosuppression
Omacetaxine	1, 2	Postentry	Protein synthesis	FDA approved	Hematologic tumors
Piperacetazine	2	Entry	Acidificationf	FDA approvedg	Schizophrenia
Sertraline	1	Entry	Fusion	FDA approved	Depression
Sunitinib	1, 2	Entry	Traffich	FDA approved	Renal and GI tumors
Toremifene	1, 2	Entry	Fusion	FDA approved	Breast cancer

Abbreviations: FDA, Food and Drug Administration; GI, gastrointestinal; JMHLW, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; US, United States.

^aDrugs tested in combinations against Ebola virus in matrix synergy tests (Supplementary Data Set 2), unless otherwise indicated.

^bDrug activity against Ebola virus in single-agent test 1 (with frozen chemical plates) or 2 (with freshly plated drugs). Positive drug activity in test 1 or 2 is indicated by test number.

^c“Acidification” denotes endosome acidification, “traffic” denotes traffic to late endosomes, “internalization” denotes internalization from the cell surface, and ”fusion“ denotes fusion with late endosome.

^dInformation on clinical use was obtained from DrugBank (available at: https://www.drugbank.ca/).

^eDrugs tested in combinations against Ebola virus in subsequent tests (Supplementary Data Set 3).

^fE. A. Nelson and J. M. White, unpublished data.

^gCurrently discontinued.

^hAction of sunitinib against EBOV is postulated to be similar to action against dengue virus [33].