Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with poor OS in model 1
| Variable | Cases, n | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Age (>65/≤65 years) | 1,254/1,031 | 1.367 (1.197–1.562) | <0.001 | 1.230 (1.048–1.443) | 0.011 |
| Sex (female/male) | 568/1,717 | 1.001 (0.860–1.165) | 0.993 | ||
| HBsAg (+/–) | 1,111/927 | 0.870 (0.757–0.999) | 0.049 | ||
| Anti-HCV (+/–) | 652/1,305 | 0.997 (0.858–1.159) | 0.974 | ||
| Antiviral therapy (no/yes) | 1,781/504 | 1.249 (1.065–1.464) | 0.006 | ||
| EVs (with/without) | 354/1,713 | 1.805 (1.531–2.123) | <0.001 | ||
| Albumin (≤3.5/>3.5 g/dL) | 831/1,406 | 2.358 (2.062–2.695) | <0.001 | ||
| Bilirubin (>1.0/≤1.0 mg/dL) | 730/1,525 | 1.758 (1.536–2.011) | <0.001 | ||
| ALT (>40/≤40 U/L) | 1,179/1,096 | 1.150 (1.007–1.312) | 0.038 | ||
| AST (>45/≤45 U/L) | 1,128/1,062 | 1.962 (1.708–2.254) | <0.001 | ||
| ALP (>100/≤100 U/L) | 709/1,023 | 2.124 (1.833–2.462) | <0.001 | 1.449 (1.234–1.703) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (>1.0/≤1.0 mg/dL) | 895/1,378 | 1.274 (1.1716–1.456) | <0.001 | 1.417 (1.212–1.658) | <0.001 |
| PT/INR (>1.1/≤1.1) | 785/1,478 | 1.729 (1.513–1.975) | <0.001 | ||
| Platelets (≤105/>105/mm3) | 136/2,140 | 1.099 (0.836–1.443) | 0.501 | ||
| Multiple tumors (yes/no) | 877/1,408 | 1.886 (1.654–2.151) | <0.001 | ||
| AFP (>20/≤20 ng/mL) | 1,202/1,040 | 2.063 (1.794–2.374) | <0.001 | 1.850 (1.574–2.174) | <0.001 |
| Noncurative/curative treatment | 928/1,357 | 3.422 (2.991–3.914) | <0.001 | 2.429 (2.047–2.884) | <0.001 |
| ALBI grade 1 | 933 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ALBI grade 2 | 1,143 | 2.201 (1.892–2.559) | <0.001 | 1.659 (1.389–1.981) | <0.001 |
| ALBI grade 3 | 209 | 4.385 (3.541–5.430) | <0.001 | 3.233 (2.506–4.171) | <0.001 |
| BCLC-A group | 1,210 | 1 | 1 | ||
| SLHCC group | 466 | 1.726 (1.451–2.054) | <0.001 | 1.453 (1.190–1.776) | <0.001 |
| BCLC-B group | 609 | 2.671 (2.302–3.099) | <0.001 | 1.493 (1.235–1.804) | <0.001 |
In model 1, the ALBI grade was enrolled, but albumin and bilirubin levels were not entered into the multivariate analysis. In model 2, we selected albumin and bilirubin, but the ALBI grade was not enrolled in the multivariate analysis. Age >65 years (HR 1.214, 95% CI 1.038–1.419, p = 0.015), serum albumin levels ≤3.5 g/dL (HR 1.736, 95% CI 1.477–2.041, p <0.001), bilirubin >1.0 mg/dL (HR 1.338, 95% CI 1.135–1.577, p = 0.001), ALP >100 U/L (HR 1.478, 95% CI 1.255–1.741, p <0.001), creatinine >1.0 mg/dL (HR 1.461, 95% CI 1.245–1.714, p <0.001), AFP >20 ng/mL (HR 1.887, 95% CI 1.603–2.222, p <0.001), noncurative therapy (HR 2.420, 95% CI 2.035–2.877, p <0.001), and HCC group (SLHCC group, HR 1.384, 95% CI 1.131–1.694, p = 0.002; BCLC-B group, HR 1.497, 95% CI 1.235–1.814, p <0.001) were the independent risk factors associated with poor OS. AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CI, confidence interval; EVs, esophageal varices; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; PT/INR, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio.