FIG. 1.

Meta-analysis results for identifying social brain regions. Thirty-four terms related to five primary social brain activation maps were used in meta-analyses conducted on the NeuroSynth platform. An average of 205 studies were identified per term (Supplementary Table S1). Terms more generally related to “social” were also included in the analyses as they were found to identify the majority of brain regions frequently reported in the existing literature (Adolphs, 2009; Stanley and Adolphs, 2013). (A) The reverse-inference maps generated using NeuroSynth show the probability that terms related to social behavior were used in a study given the presence of specific patterns of brain activation, that is, Z = P(term|act). Color bars represent the range of scores; negative values indicate patterns of activation that were highly unlikely to be observed. (B) After the Z-score maps for each of the six social brain meta-analyses were derived, they were thresholded (Z > 2), binarized, and averaged to generate a single comprehensive probability map for brain regions involved in social behavior. Based on that probability map, 27 ROIs in 2 hemispheres were included in connectivity analyses. The color bar in (B) represents the probability of a vertex on the cerebral cortex being identified as relating to social cognition across all maps in (A), with values ranging from 0 to 1. A threshold of Z > 2.3 was also tested, and minimal differences in the final map were observed. AMG, amygdala; ANG, angular gyrus; ATC, anterior temporal cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; FG, fusiform gyrus; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; LO, lateral occipital cortex; PMC, premotor cortex; pSTS/TPJ, posterior superior temporal sulcus and temporoparietal junction; ROIs, regions of interest; SF, superior frontal cortex; VLPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex; VMPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex.