FIGURE 3:

Perpendicular alignment of cell body follows the electrotactic migration. Phase contrast images of HaCaT monolayer under (a) pre-EF condition and (c–f) EF stimulation. Overlay of the angular distribution of cell velocity (red bars) and cell body (blue bars) at (b) pre-EF condition and (g–j) EF stimulation. (b) At the pre-EF condition, both cell velocity and cell body showed no preferred orientation. With the onset of EF stimulation, (g) cell velocity showed apparent alignment in the direction parallel to the EF within 30 min, while (h) the cell body still exhibited no biased alignment until 50 min. (i) After 70 min, the cell body showed the tendency of reorientation in the direction perpendicular to the EF, and (j) after 100 min, the cell body now showed apparent alignment in the direction perpendicular to the EF. Scale bars, 50 µm.