Table 4.
Effect of viral infection on nasal lavage mRNA and protein expression
| Virus-negative | Virus-positive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | N | Median | IQR | N | Median | IQR | p-value |
| CXCL8 | 404 | 4.68 | (2.15, 9.71) | 174 | 5.01 | (2.45, 10.78) | 0.54 |
| CXCL10 | 404 | 0.001 | (0.00, 0.01) | 174 | 0.0098 | (0.001, 0.06) | < 0.01 |
| IRF7 | 404 | 0.06 | (0.02, 0.14) | 174 | 0.06 | (0.02, 0.14) | 0.99 |
| RIG-I | 404 | 0.01 | (0.00, 0.03) | 174 | 0.02 | (0.00, 0.05) | 0.04 |
| MDA5 | 404 | 0.01 | (0.00, 0.03) | 174 | 0.02 | (0.01, 0.07) | < 0.01 |
| Binary | N | Detected (%) | N | Detected (%) | p-value | ||
| TLR3 | 404 | 132/404 (32.7) | 174 | 69 (39.7) | 0.11 | ||
| IFN-λ1 | 404 | 30/404 (7.4) | 174 | 33 (19.0) | < 0.01 | ||
| Protein | N | Median | IQR | N | Median | IQR | p-value |
| CXCL8 | 433 | 177.00 | (71.5, 431.6) | 172 | 253.35 | (97.25, 868.9) | < 0.01 |
| CXCL10 | 429 | 397.90 | (213.9, 656.2) | 171 | 703.20 | (419.5, 1553.5) | < 0.01 |
| IL-4 | 436 | 15.60 | (4.9, 51.65) | 175 | 31.10 | (9.3, 75.2) | < 0.01 |
| IL-13 | 428 | 4.60 | (0.0, 27.1) | 167 | 18.80 | (0.0, 37.8) | < 0.01 |
| sICAM1 | 431 | 293.20 | (100.8, 643.6) | 170 | 560.20 | (207.6, 1219.2) | < 0.01 |
| CCL2 | 433 | 71.40 | (26.9, 132.9) | 170 | 103.70 | (40.3, 219.6) | < 0.01 |
| CCL4 | 426 | 300.9 | (40.3, 1261.9) | 170 | 1198.65 | (163.0, 3050.6) | < 0.01 |
| CCL5 | 433 | 5.00 | (0.0, 18.1) | 174 | 9.55 | (0.0, 27.4) | < 0.01 |
| CCL20 | 439 | 290.3 | (78.0, 651.1) | 178 | 580.0 | (186.1, 1184.5) | < 0.01 |
| CCL24 | 434 | 4.47 | (1.06, 14.24) | 175 | 9.16 | (2.56, 21.06) | < 0.01 |
Levels of mRNA expression are normalized to GAPDH. Group median data are shown except for TLR3 and IFN-λ1 mRNA, for which results were analyzed as binary variables. Samples were divided into virus-negative and virus positive. Differences were analyzed by the Wilcoxon Median Test except for TLR3 and IFN-λ1 which were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test