Table 4.
Analogue intrusive memories, hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms as a function of experimental trauma induction paradigm.
| Stress induction paradigm |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality (VR) | Script-Driven Imagery (SDI) | Test statistic | p | ES ηp2/d | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | ||||
| IMQ | |||||
| Frequency of intrusive images | 2.28 (2.36) | 1.35 (1.34) | F(1/125) = 7.23 | 0.008 | 0.06 |
| Frequency of intrusive thoughts | 2.63 (2.97) | 1.79 (2.23) | F(1/125) = 3.24 | 0.074 | 0.03 |
| Frequency of intrusive sounds/smells | 1.13 (1.85) | 0.66 (0.94) | F(1/125) = 3.26 | 0.074 | 0.03 |
| Worry about intrusive images (% of time) | 13.12 (18.28) | 4.83 (4.74) | F(1/125) = 11.79 | 0.001 | 0.09 |
| Worry about intrusive thoughts (% of time) | 7.26 (10.59) | 8.85 (11.43) | F(1/125) = 0.66 | 0.418 | 0.01 |
| Worry about intrusive sounds/smells (% of time) | 4.31 (5.71) | 5.83 (8.52) | F(1/125) = 1.41 | 0.238 | 0.01 |
| Mental occupation with event/consequences (% of time) | 9.21 (8.84) | 7.33 (7.04) | F(1/125) = 1.74 | 0.189 | 0.01 |
| IES-R | |||||
| Intrusion | 3.22 (3.58) | 2.61 (3.03) | t(101) = 0.93 | 0.356 | 0.18 |
| Hyperarousal | 1.61 (2.61) | 2.37 (4.29) | t(78) = 1.07 | 0.289 | 0.22 |
| Avoidance | 3.91 (4.77) | 5.92 (7.27) | t(82) = 1.64 | 0.104 | 0.33 |
| Total score | 8.74 (9.06) | 10.90 (12.33) | t(101) = 1.02 | 0.311 | 0.20 |
Note. IMQ = Intrusive Memory Questionnaire; IES-R = Impact of event scale – Revised.