(a).

Reference	Radiation	SAR	Exposure time	Model	Temperature	Effect
[157]	RF 900 MHz	0.090 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Mice	—	Mitochondrial DNA damage
[158]	RF 900 MHz	2–5.7 W/kg	Short-term exposure	Human spermatozoa	Constant	No effect on mitochondria
[67]	RF 850 MHz	1.46 W/kg	Short-term exposure	Human semen	Room temperature	Loss in sperm motility and viability Increased ROS production
[133]	RF 1.8 GHz	0.4–27.5 W/kg	Short-term exposure	Human spermatozoa	Constant	Mitochondrial ROS generation Alterations of electron potential of mitochondrial membrane, Oxidative DNA damage
[124]	RF 900–1800 MHz	—	Long-term exposure	Rat	Constant	Lower sperm motility Decreased GSH levels Oxidative damage
[140]	RF 900 MHz	0.9 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Rat	—	Decreased antioxidant enzyme activity Increased ROS production Lipid peroxidation Increased apoptosis
[144]	MW 10 GHz	0.014 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Rat	—	Spermatozoa cell cycle arrest ROS production
[145]	RF 900–1800–1900 MHz	0.9 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Rat	—	Decreased antioxidant defences Lipid peroxidation
[122]	RF 900 MHz	—	Long-term exposure	Rat	—	Decreased sperm count Decreased antioxidant defences Lipid peroxidation
[141]	RF 900 MHz	0.66 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Rat	—	Decreased sperm viability Increased ROS production Increased apoptosis
[156]	RF 1800–1900 MHz	—	Long-term exposure	Human	—	Mitochondrial damage
[154]	RF 900 MHz pulsed	0.0516–0.0054 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Mice	—	Alterations of electron potential of mitochondrial membrane DNA damage
[146]	RF 902.4 MHz	0.00516–0.0054 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Mice	—	Decreased antioxidant defences Lipid peroxidation DNA damage Decreased sperm count
[142]	RF 900 MHz	0.0067 W/kg	Long-term exposure	Rat	Constant	Imbalance in total antioxidant capacity Lipid peroxidation
[155]	RF 1800 MHz	0.15 W/kg	Short-term exposure	Mouse germ cells	—	Increased ROS production DNA fragmentation Oxidative DNA damage
[143]	RF 1800 MHz	4 W/kg	Short-term exposure	Mouse germ cells	—	Oxidative DNA damage Increased autophagy