Figure 1:

Several miRNAs may target the key kinases of hippo cascade: Mst, Lats, Mob. The loss of these essential components leads to transcriptional co-activator YAP (Yes-Activated Protein) translocation and accumulation in the nucleus, where it displaces VGL4 (the transcription cofactor vestigial-like protein 4), forms a complex with TEADs (TEA domain-containing sequence-specific transcription factors) and activates the transcription of its target pro-proliferative genes: Ccnd1 (cell proliferation), Nppa, Myh7 (fetal gene program), Bcl2 (anti-apoptosis).

Hippo pathway kinase phosphorylation cascade: Hippo (Mammalian sterile-20-like kinases type 1 and type 2 or MST1, MST2), Salvador (SAV), Warts (Large tumor suppressor-LATS 1/2) and Mob as tumor suppressor (Mps-one binder kinase activator-1; MOB1).