Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the liraglutide and placebo groups, including concomitant antihyperglycaemic treatment
| Liraglutide (n = 4668) | Placebo (n = 4672) | |
|---|---|---|
| Male sexa | 3011 (64.5) | 2992 (64.0) |
| Age, yearsa | 64.2 ± 7.2 | 64.4 ± 7.2 |
| Diabetes duration, yearsa | 12.8 ± 8.0 | 12.9 ± 8.1 |
| Geographic regiona | ||
| Europe | 1639 (35.1) | 1657 (35.5) |
| North America | 1401 (30.0) | 1446 (31.0) |
| Asia | 360 (7.7) | 351 (7.5) |
| Rest of the world | 1268 (27.2) | 1218 (26.1) |
| HbA1c, %a | 8.7 ± 1.6 | 8.7 ± 1.5 |
| BMI, kg/m2 a | 32.5 ± 6.3 | 32.5 ± 6.3 |
| Body weight, kga | 91.9 ± 21.2 | 91.6 ± 20.8 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hga | 135.9 ± 17.8 | 135.9 ± 17.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hga | 77.2 ± 10.3 | 77.0 ± 10.1 |
| Established CVD/chronic kidney disease (age ≥ 50)a,b | 3831 (82.1) | 3767 (80.6) |
| CVD risk factors (age ≥ 60)a,c | 837 (17.9) | 905 (19.4) |
| Antihyperglycaemic medication at baseline | ||
| OAD only | 2436 (52.2) | 2375 (50.8) |
| 1 OAD | 916 (19.6) | 894 (19.1) |
| 2 OADs | 1357 (29.1) | 1321 (28.3) |
| > 2 OADs | 163 (3.5) | 160 (3.4) |
| Insulin only | 361 (7.7) | 377 (8.1) |
| Insulin + OAD | 1677 (35.9) | 1754 (37.5) |
| Insulin + metformin | 1397 (29.9) | 1500 (32.1) |
| None | 194 (4.2) | 166 (3.6) |
|
Insulin dose, U Per body weight, U/kg |
51.5 ± 43.0 0.55 ± 0.41 |
51.9 ± 44.1 0.55 ± 0.39 |
Full analysis set. Data are the mean ± standard deviation or the number of patients (percentage of either liraglutide or placebo group). Percentage data refer to the proportion of patients
aData first published in the LEADER primary publication (Marso et al. [7])
bEstablished CVD was defined as prior myocardial infarction or prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack or prior revascularisation or > 50% stenosis of coronary, carotid or lower extremity arteries or documented symptomatic coronary heart disease or documented asymptomatic cardiac ischaemia or heart failure or chronic kidney disease
cCVD risk factors included microalbuminuria or proteinuria, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or ankle-brachial index < 0.9.
BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, OAD oral antihyperglycaemic drug