Table 2.

Results from structural equation models on the relationship between material wealth and health over the life course

	Parameter		Male		Female
			SHARE	ELSA	SHARE	ELSA
Correlation	C-MW ↔ CHEALTH	Coef.	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.07
		SE	0.02	0.04	0.02	0.04
	A-MW ↔ AHEALTH	Coef.	0.07	0.11	0.04	0.37
		SE	0.07	0.04	0.08	0.11
	O-MW ↔ OHEALTH	Coef.	− 0.04	− 0.11	− 0.04	− 0.08
		SE	0.03	0.07	0.07	0.13
Phase 1
Autoregression	C-MW → A-MW	Coef.	0.23	0.51	0.36	0.43
		SE	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04
	CHEALTH → AHEALTH	Coef.	0.15	0.09	0.16	0.43
		SE	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.05
Causation	C-MW → AHEALTH	Coef.	0.07	0.09	0.08	0.07
		SE	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.06
Selection	CHEALTH → A-MW	Coef.	0.06	0.14	0.22	0.09
		SE	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.04
Phase 2
Autoregression	A-MW → O-MW	Coef.	0.38	0.61	0.19	0.52
		SE	0.08	0.03	0.05	0.04
	AHEALTH → OHEALTH	Coef.	0.12	0.01	0.26	0.60
		SE	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.08
Causation	A-MW → OHEALTH	Coef.	0.52	0.47	0.77	0.34
		SE	0.08	0.05	0.08	0.08
Selection	AHEALTH → O-MW	Coef.	0.01	− 0.02	0.00	− 0.04
		SE	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06
		Chi2	2105	458	1393	542
		p Value	0	0	0	0
		CFI	0.782	0.882	0.877	0.879
		TLI	0.610	0.805	0.781	0.800
		RMSEA	0.038	0.062	0.029	0.061
	RMSEA 90% confidence interval:	Lower	0.036	0.057	0.028	0.056
		Upper	0.039	0.067	0.031	0.066

(a) Standardized regression coefficients; SE standard errors, C childhood, A adulthood (30–50), O old age (55–90), MW material wealth; Phase 1 = transition from childhood to adulthood; Phase 2 = transition from adulthood to old age; (b) for interpretation of the coefficients, e.g. 0.5 means that one standard deviation change in the independent variable results in 0.5 standard deviation change in the dependent variable; (c) statistically significant coefficients (p < 0.05) are printed in bold; (d) the total results for SHARE are weighted to account for unequal probability in the sampling process and to represent the different sizes of the population in the countries in Europe