Fig. 4.

Effect of substrate stiffness (colored boxes) on gene transcription (italic name; Sox9, α-SMA, COL II, Col I, Col X, ACAN) and protein synthesize (underlined name; GAG/DNA, COLII) of ACs (blue and red colored) and MSCs (green and yellow colored). Blue and red boxes respectively indicate positive and negative changes of differentiated phenotype of ACs, as reported by Sanz-Ramoz et al. [94], Schuh et al. [26, 95], Li et al. [27] and Lee et al. [83]. In a similar manner, green and yellow boxes are associated with changes of chondrogenic markers of MSCs as reported by Bian et al. [37] and Murphy et al. [31]. (Color figure online)