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. 2018 Nov 22;8:17276. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35226-5

Table 3.

Impact of a level of indoxyl sulphate ≥ 0.65 μg/mL on atrial fibrillation recurrence.

HR 95% CI P-value
Unadjusted analysis 3.10 1.26−7.32 0.015
Analysis adjusted for:
Age and sex 3.76 1.52−9.03 0.005
Age, sex, duration after diagnosis of AF, beta-blocker use before ablation, LAVI, BNP, Class III AAD use after ablation, and eGFR 3.60 1.12−11.0 0.032
Age, sex, duration after diagnosis of AF, beta-blocker use before ablation, LAVI, BNP, Class III AAD use after ablation, and CKD stage 3.67 1.13−11.7 0.031

AAD, anti-arrhythmic drug; AF, atrial fibrillation; BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; LAVI, left atrial volume index.