Table 4.
Comparison of metabolic healthy and unhealthy patients with and without central obesity.
| Normal waist circumference | Central obesity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MH (n = 145) | MUH (n = 67) | MH (= 75) | MUH (n = 254) | |
| Age, years | 43.6 ± 10.7 | 46.0 ± 9.3 | 49.1 ± 12.5 | 50.3 ± 11.4 |
| Male sex, % | 87.5% | 97.0%* | 40.0% | 67.7%* |
| Years of HIV infection | 8 (5–11) | 10 (7–13) | 7 (5–11) | 8 (4–12) |
| Years of ART | 6 (3–10) | 8 (5–11) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–10) |
| ART, % | ||||
| PI | 50.4% | 55.2% | 37.7% | 49.8% |
| NNRTI | 51.1% | 41.8% | 53.6% | 41.7% |
| NRTI | 96.4% | 92.5% | 95.7% | 89.9% |
| CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | 479 (351–682) | 435 (289-632) | 473 (309–676) | 487 (343–724) |
| HIV RNA (< 50), % | 90.6% | 85.1% | 94.1% | 84.0%* |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.7 ± 2.3 | 23.3 ± 2.7 | 28.8 ± 4.6 | 28.5 ± 4.3 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 83.9 ± 6.1 | 87.0 ± 4.9* | 99.2 ± 10.6 | 101.8 ± 9.9* |
| Hip circumference, cm | 90.8 ± 5.1 | 91.2 ± 4.9* | 103.4 ± 10.9 | 99.6 ± 8.2* |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.93 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.05* | 0.96 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.08* |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.03* | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.06 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 13.1% | 38.8%* | 1.3% | 35.8%* |
| Prediabetes, % | 8.3% | 32.8%* | 14.7% | 26.0%* |
| Hypertension, % | 40.7% | 87.9%* | 32.0% | 81.0%* |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 92.4% | 100%* | 90.6% | 99.2%* |
| Framingham 10-y risk, % | 6.5 (3.6–13.9) | 13.3 (7.7–23.3)* | 5.7 (2.3–13.6) | 13.5 (6.0–26.9)* |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 117.1 ± 17.4 | 125.4 ± 15.1* | 119.1 ± 18.6 | 130.8 ± 18.0* |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 71.8 ± 11.2 | 79.8 ± 9.2* | 72.5 ± 11.0 | 79.4 ± 10.8* |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 213.9 ± 56.2 | 202.7 ± 57.4 | 230.1 ± 57.7 | 220.1 ± 55.4 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 129.4 ± 44.4 | 115.8 ± 47.6* | 148.3 ± 43.7 | 131.1 ± 46.7* |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 48.7 ± 12.7 | 36.6 ± 10.2* | 55.7 ± 10.6 | 45.0 ± 13.0* |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 145 (106–233) | 274 (201–387)* | 113 (92–146) | 198 (152–322)* |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 97.2 ± 16.8 | 96.0 ± 15.7 | 92.6 ± 14.7 | 90.4 ± 18.0 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.6* | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 1.8* |
| AST, U/L | 28 (21–40) | 28 (23–50) | 21 (19–26) | 24 (20–34)* |
| ALT, U/L | 27 (18–51) | 37 (23–63)* | 20 (16–30) | 27 (20–43)* |
| GGT, U/L | 45 (29–107) | 56 (33–98) | 28 (23–45) | 47 (28–84)* |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 86 (65–105) | 83 (68–102) | 91 (71–106) | 81 (63–103) |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 90 (83–96) | 109 (93–135)* | 90 (83–95) | 104 (92–128)* |
| HbA1c, mg/dl | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 6.1 ± 1.6* | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.0* |
| HOMA-IR, mg/dl | 1.5 (1.1–2.5) | 3.0 (1.4–5.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 3.0 (1.5–5.1)* |
Patients were classified as having central obesity if waist circumference was ≥80 cm in women, or ≥94 cm in men. MH, metabolically health (absence of metabolic syndrome); MUH, metabolically unhealthy (presence of metabolic syndrome); ART, antiretroviral therapy; PI, protease inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low density lipoproteins; HDL, high density lipoproteins; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
p < 0.05 vs. MH.