Table 5.
Association of anthropometric parameters with cardiometabolic comorbidities.
| Unadjusted association | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIABETES MELLITUS | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | |
| Overweight | 1.24 (0.80–1.92) | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | 1.63 (0.96–2.76) | |
| Obesity | 1.56 (0.95–2.56) | 1.63 (0.96–2.76) | 1.57 (0.92–2.70) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Women < 80 cm/Men < 94 cm | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥80 cm/Men ≥94 cm | 1.39 (0.93–2.08) | 1.60 (1.03–2.50) | 1.57 (1.00–2.48) | 1.30 (0.73–2.31) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Women < 0.85/Men < 0.90 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥0.85/Men ≥0.90 | 3.43 (1.33–8.82) | 2.44 (0.92–6.48) | 2.79 (1.03–7.55) | 2.20 (0.79–6.08) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| < 0.50 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| ≥0.50 | 1.74 (0.99–3.06) | 1.44 (0.80–2.61) | 1.39 (0.76–2.52) | 1.04 (0.52–2.07) |
| HYPERTENSION | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | |
| Overweight | 2.25 (1.51–3.33) | 1.97 (1.31–2.97) | 2.03 (1.3–3.07) | |
| Obesity | 1.80 (1.14–2.85) | 1.73 (1.07–2.80) | 1.69 (1.03–2.75) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Women < 80 cm/Men < 94 cm | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 80 cm/Men ≥94 cm | 1.81 (1.26–2.58) | 1.82 (1.21–2.74) | 1.84 (1.22–2.79) | 1.41 (0.84–2.37) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Women < 0.85/Men < 0.90 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥0.85/Men ≥ 0.90 | 1.94 (1.10–3.41) | 1.42 (0.78–2.56) | 1.49 (0.82–2.72) | 1.16 (0.62–2.18) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| < 0.50 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| ≥0.50 | 2.62 (1.68–4.10) | 2.10 (1.31–3.36) | 2.13 (1.33–3.40) | 1.66 (0.96–2.87) |
| DYSLIPIDEMIA | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | |
| Overweight | 1.10 (0.45–2.71) | 0.92 (0.37–2.30) | 0.92 (0.36–2.30) | |
| Obesity | 1.12 (0.38–3.30) | 1.02 (0.34–3.07) | 0.99 (0.33–2.98) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Women < 80 cm/Men < 94 cm | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 80 cm/Men ≥ 94 cm | 1.24 (0.55–2.78) | 1.14 (0.46–2.81) | 1.14 (0.46–2.81) | 1.05 (0.33–3.32) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Women < 0.85/Men < 0.90 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 0.85/Men ≥ 0.90 | 1.10 (0.24–4.99) | 0.55 (0.12–2.64) | 0.53 (0.11–2.53) | 0.39 (0.07–2.06) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| < 0.50 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| ≥0.50 | 1.49 (0.58–3.82) | 1.15 (0.43–3.08) | 1.13 (0.42–3.02) | 1.04 (0.33–3.32) |
| METABOLIC SYNDROME | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | |
| Overweight | 3.69 (2.48–5.48) | 3.43 (2.29–5.14) | 3.74 (2.48–5.64) | |
| Obesity | 4.58 (2.80–7.51) | 4.51 (2.72–7.48) | 4.7 (2.82–7.93) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Women < 80 cm/Men < 94 cm | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 80 cm/Men ≥ 94 cm | 7.33 (4.97–10.80) | 11.11 (6.91–17.87) | 12.10 (7.45–19.66) | 11.93 (6.63–21.4) |
| METABOLIC SYNDROME | ||||
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Women < 0.85/Men < 0.90 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 0.85/Men ≥ 0.90 | 6.65 (3.40–13.01) | 5.78 (2.92–11.44) | 5.50 (2.76–10.94) | 3.63 (1.78–7.41) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| < 0.50 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| ≥0.50 | 8.10 (4.77–13.78) | 7.47 (4.33–12.89) | 7.44 (4.31–12.86) | 4.62 (2.50–8.53) |
| FRAMINGHAM 10-y RISK ≥10% | ||||
| BMI categories | ||||
| Normal weight | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | |
| Overweight | 1.66 (1.13–2.44) | 0.85 (0.48–1.50) | 0.85 (0.48–1.51) | |
| Obesity | 1.35 (0.86–2.13) | 1.17 (0.60–2.30) | 1.20 (0.61–2.37) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Women < 80 cm/Men < 94 cm | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 80 cm/Men ≥ 94 cm | 1.45 (1.01–2.06) | 1.46 (0.84–2.53) | 1.47 (0.84–2.56) | 1.10 (0.54–2.25) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||
| Women < 0.85/Men < 0.90 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Women ≥ 0.85/Men ≥ 0.90 | 9.01 (3.77–21.6) | 8.16 (2.52–26.38) | 8.11 (2.50–26.32) | 7.45 (2.26–24.55) |
| Waist-to-height ratio | ||||
| < 0.50 | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| ≥0.50 | 2.50 (1.54–4.08) | 1.34 (0.67–2.65) | 1.35 (0.68–2.66) | 0.99 (0.45–2.16) |
Model 1, gender and age; Model 2, gender, age, and ART duration; Model 3, gender, age, ART duration, and BMI.
The values highlighted in bold are statistically significant (P < 0.05).