Table 2.
Median relative abundance (%) of dominant genera in infant gut microbiota at 7, 28 days, and 4 months of age.
| 7 days (n = 60 fecal samples) | 28 days (n = 64 fecal samples) | 4 months (n = 60 fecal samples) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | PEP | NPVP | FTC | P-value | FDR Q | PEP | NPVP | FTC | P-value | FDR | PEP | NPVP | FTC | P-value | FDR Q |
| (n = 20) | (n = 30) | (n = 10) | (n = 24) | (n = 31) | (n = 9) | Q | (n = 24) | (n = 29) | (n = 7) | ||||||
| Bifidobacterium | 64.7 | 0.00*** | 43.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 36.7 | 33.5 | 74.1 | 0.088 | 0.156 | 38.3 | 49.6 | 71.2 | 0.243 | 0.555 |
| Escherichia | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.107 | 0.245 | 1.76 | 2.10 | 0.00 | 0.351 | 0.511 | 12.1 | 15.2 | 10.10 | 0.377 | 0.754 |
| Klebsiella | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.737 | 0.786 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.663 | 0.816 | 0.25 | 0.67 | 0.11 | 0.738 | 1.0 |
| Enterobacter | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.125 | 0.222 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.225 | 0.360 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.110 | 0.440 |
| Staphylococcus† | 1.10 | 0.54 | 0.05 | 0.230 | 0.368 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 0.01* | 0.038 | 0.076 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.472 | 0.839 |
| Veilonella† | 0.00 | 0.00* | 0.75*** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.00 | 1.09* | 1.38* | 0.018 | 0.072 | 4.75 | 4.44 | 8.59 | 0.812 | 1.0 |
| Enterococcus† | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.118 | 0.236 | 0.90 | 2.35 | 0.00* | 0.003 | 0.016 | 0.39 | 1.53** | 0.58 | 0.019 | 0.152 |
| Bacteroides† | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.996 | 1.0 |
| Morganella | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.368 | 0.535 | 0.00 | 0.00* | 0.00 | 0.030 | 0.069 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.098 | 0.523 |
| Streptococcus | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.45*** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.00 | 0.06* | 0.26* | 0.018 | 0.058 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.149 | 0.477 |
| Akkermansia | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.171 | 0.456 |
| Lactobacillus | 0.00 | 0.00* | 0.23 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.019 | 0.051 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.42 | 0.682 | 1.0 |
| Prevotella† | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.716 | 0.818 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.435 | 0.580 | 0.00 | 0.00** | 0.00 | 0.001 | 0.016 |
| Acinetobacter | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.525 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.834 | 0.953 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.000 | 1.0 |
| Haemophilus | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.14* | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07** | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.996 | 1.0 |
| Serratia | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.607 | 0.747 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.834 | 0.890 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.000 | 1.0 |
PEP, probiotic extremely preterm; NPVP, non-probiotic very preterm; FTC, full term control; FDR, false discovery rate.
Dominant genera have an overall median relative abundance > 0.5% at 7 days, 28 days, and 4 months of age.
Overall comparison of all three treatment groups at each time point by non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Post-hoc comparisons by non-parametric Mann–Whitney U–test (NPVP or FTC vs. PEP) (*x**P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05).
Comparison between the three different time points was by a generalized linear model with a Poisson family (P < 0.05).
Bold indicates significant differences in median relative abundance of bacterial genera between the three groups (P- and Q-value).