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. 2018 Nov 16;9:1617. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01617

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Copyright © 2018 Li, Zhang, Zhu, Qi, Lin and Cheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The measurement of inflammation and oxidative stress. (A–D) IL-1β and TNF-α production and the number of iNOS⁺ cells markedly increased after SCI at 24 h and 3 days. But the inflammation was relieved by ICA. And the inflammatory response was significantly inhibited in 50 μmol/kg group. (E–G) The level of reduced GSH and SOD decreased, while the content of MDA increased significantly at 24 and 3 d post injury. The treatment of ICA attenuated oxidative stress at all time points. Moreover, the oxidative stress was better relieved in the 50 μmol/kg group than the 20 μmol/kg group. N = 6. ^∗P< 0.01 compared to SCI group; P< 0.01 compared to 20 μmol/kg group.

Inline graphic — The measurement of inflammation and oxidative stress. (A–D) IL-1β and TNF-α production and the number of iNOS⁺ cells markedly increased after SCI at 24 h and 3 days. But the inflammation was relieved by ICA. And the inflammatory response was significantly inhibited in 50 μmol/kg group. (E–G) The level of reduced GSH and SOD decreased, while the content of MDA increased significantly at 24 and 3 d post injury. The treatment of ICA attenuated oxidative stress at all time points. Moreover, the oxidative stress was better relieved in the 50 μmol/kg group than the 20 μmol/kg group. N = 6. ^∗P< 0.01 compared to SCI group; P< 0.01 compared to 20 μmol/kg group.