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. 2018 Nov 16;11:418. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00418

Table 1.

Direction of total concentrations changes of Glu, Gln, and GABA and direction changes of USV behavioral test results as compared to control in rat models of autism (VPA or THAL treatment), taking into the account the gender of animals (F, females; M, males; F + M, whole group).

USV MRS NMR HPLC
VPA – M Glu ↑ Gln ↑
GABA ↑
Glu ↑
Gln ↑
GABA ↑
THAL – M Glu ↑ Gln ↑ Glu ↑
Gln ↑
GABA ↑
VPA – F Gln ↓
THAL – F
VPA – M + F GABA ↑ Glu ↑
GABA ↑
THAL – M + F Glu ↑
Gln ↑
Glu ↑
GABA ↑