Table 2.
Comparison of demographic and lifestyle factors between the adherent and nonadherent groups
| Characteristic | Good adherence* (N=1,245) | Poor adherence* (N=278) | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | |||
| <50 | 252 (20.2) | 70 (25.2) | <0.001 |
| 50–64 | 504 (40.5) | 153 (55.0) | |
| ≥65 | 489 (39.3) | 55 (19.8) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 731 (58.7) | 176 (63.3) | 0.158 |
| Female | 514 (41.3) | 102 (36.7) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 155 (12.6) | 23 (8.6) | 0.064 |
| Married | 1,073 (87.4) | 245 (91.4) | |
| Monthly income‡ (million KRW) | |||
| ≥8 | 208 (17.8) | 46 (17.9) | 0.002 |
| 4–7.9 | 589 (50.5) | 157 (61.1) | |
| <4 | 370 (31.7) | 54 (21.0) | |
| Education (y) | |||
| <12 | 304 (25.0) | 49 (18.4) | 0.071 |
| 12 | 460 (37.8) | 107 (40.2) | |
| >12 | 452 (37.2) | 110 (41.4) | |
| Type of clinic where patients are treated | |||
| Primary care clinic and secondary hospital | 428(34.6) | 28(45.2) | 0.089 |
| Tertiary hospital | 809 (65.4) | 34 (54.8) | |
| Location of clinic where patients were treated | |||
| Urban | 395 (31.7) | 53 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Metropolitan | 850 (68.3) | 225 (80.9) | |
| Smoking | |||
| Ever smoker | 609 (49.6) | 130 (47.8) | 0.600 |
| Never smoker | 620 (50.4) | 142 (52.2) | |
| Alcohol consumption§ | |||
| Non-drinker | 644 (54.7) | 136 (51.7) | 0.290 |
| Moderate drinker | 256 (21.8) | 69 (26.2) | |
| High-risk drinker | 277 (23.5) | 58 (22.1) | |
| Exercise (per week) | |||
| 0 | 380 (32.1) | 116 (43.6) | 0.001 |
| 1–2 | 360 (30.4) | 75 (28.2) | |
| ≥3 | 443 (37.4) | 75 (28.2) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| <23.0 | 255 (21.2) | 60 (22.2) | 0.407 |
| 23.0–24.9 | 301 (25.0) | 57 (21.1) | |
| ≥25.0 | 649 (53.9) | 153 (56.7) | |
| Habit of high salt intake∥ | |||
| No | 518 (42.6) | 82 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 699 (57.4) | 189 (69.7) | |
| Newly treated hypertension | |||
| No | 585 (47.0) | 175 (62.9) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 660 (53.0) | 103 (37.1) | |
| No. of antihypertensive medication class | |||
| 1 | 585 (47.0) | 176 (63.3) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 461 (37.0) | 89 (32.0) | |
| ≥3 | 199 (16.0) | 13 (4.7) | |
| Concomitant medication for diabetes | |||
| No | 910 (73.1) | 233 (83.8) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 335 (26.9) | 45 (16.2) | |
| Concomitant medication for dyslipidemia | |||
| No | 617 (49.6) | 166 (59.7) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 628 (50.4) | 112 (40.3) | |
| Family history of hypertension | |||
| No | 496 (40.3) | 134 (49.8) | 0.004 |
| Yes | 736 (59.7) | 135 (50.2) | |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease | |||
| No | 865 (70.3) | 214 (79.6) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 366 (29.7) | 55 (20.4) |
Values are presented as number (%).
KRW, Korean won.
Adherence was calculated using the pill count method. Adherence ratio (%)={(number of prescribed pills−number of residual pills)/number of prescribed pills}×100. We defined good and poor adherence as an adherence ratio ≥0.80 and <0.80, respectively.
P-values calculated using the t-test for continuous variables or the chi-square test for categorical variables.
Monthly income in million KRW or 1,000 US dollars.
Moderate alcohol consumption was defined as 8 standard glasses or less per week for men under 65 years of age and 4 standard glasses or less per week for women and men over 65 years of age. High-risk alcohol consumption was defined as more than 8 standard glasses per week for men under 65 years of age and more than 4 standard glasses per week for women and men over 65 years of age.
Habit of salt intake was evaluated with 3 questionnaires (scoring system of 0 to 12) and high intake was defined as a total score ≥18 for men and ≥16 for women.