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Cytokine quantification from PBMCs stimulated with A. hydrophila ATCC® 7966TM OMVs. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by CBA cytometric assay at different time points. A. hydrophila OMVs induced high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
