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. 2018 Nov 16;9:2765. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02765

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Copyright © 2018 Avila-Calderón, Otero-Olarra, Flores-Romo, Peralta, Aguilera-Arreola, Morales-García, Calderón-Amador, Medina-Chávez, Donis-Maturano, Ruiz-Palma and Contreras-Rodríguez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Morphological alterations induced by A. hydrophila ATCC^® 7966^TM OMVs in PBMCs. (A) After 2 h post-stimulation with A. hydrophila OMVs, no morphology changes of the PBMCs were observed compared with PBMCs after 24 h post-stimulation with vesicles, after 24 h post-stimulation conglomerated cells were observed (arrowheads) (B). Giemsa staining revealed differences in the affinity of the dye to the nucleus and cytoplasm, bigger cells, and vacuolization of the stimulated PBMCs with A. hydrophila OMVs (arrowheads) (C). Confocal microscopy, showed defective tubulin polymerization in PBMCs stimulated with OMVs (D). bars = 50 μm.