TABLE 2.
Age-standardized baseline characteristics and dietary intake in lowest and highest quintiles of DASH, AMED, and AHEI-2010 scores among men in the HPFS1
| DASH (range: 8–40) | AMED (range: 0–9) | AHEI-2010 (range: 0–110) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 9399) | Q5 (n = 9721) | Q1 (n = 8726) | Q5 (n = 6818) | Q1 (n = 9327) | Q5 (n = 9291) | |
| Score | 16.7 ± 2.1 | 31.3 ± 2.2 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 37.0 ± 4.7 | 69.4 ± 5.5 |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||||
| Age, y | 56.1 ± 9.7 | 56.2 ± 9.7 | 56.1 ± 9.7 | 56.2 ± 9.7 | 56.1 ± 9.7 | 56.2 ± 9.7 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 25.0 ± 3.2 | 25.9 ± 3.3 | 25.0 ± 3.3 | 25.9 ± 3.5 | 25.1 ± 3.3 |
| Physical activity, MET-hours/wk | 14.9 ± 22.6 | 29.2 ± 36.5 | 15.3 ± 24.6 | 29.0 ± 33.9 | 15.3 ± 24.5 | 28.4 ± 36.8 |
| Current smokers, % | 18 | 4 | 16 | 4 | 16 | 5 |
| Past smokers, % | 40 | 41 | 40 | 43 | 38 | 45 |
| NSAID use, % | 33 | 36 | 33 | 37 | 35 | 36 |
| Multivitamin use, % | 53 | 68 | 55 | 68 | 55 | 68 |
| Family history of CRC, % | 8 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 9 |
| Screened for CRC, % | 31 | 43 | 33 | 42 | 31 | 43 |
| Baseline dietary intake2 | ||||||
| Energy, kcal/d | 1978 ± 605 | 2041 ± 583 | 1756 ± 549 | 2256 ± 608 | 2117 ± 605 | 1892 ± 587 |
| Alcohol (drinks/d), % | ||||||
| 0 | 23 | 26 | 28 | 17 | 35 | 15 |
| >0–1 | 45 | 50 | 47 | 47 | 35 | 57 |
| >1–2 | 14 | 14 | 7 | 28 | 6 | 23 |
| >2 | 18 | 9 | 19 | 8 | 24 | 6 |
| Fruits, servings/d | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.6 |
| Vegetables, servings/d | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 2.2 |
| Whole grains, servings/d | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.6 |
| Nuts, servings/d | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
| Legumes, servings/d | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 |
| Low-fat dairy, servings/d | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.0 |
| Fish, servings/d | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
| PUFAs, % energy | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 6.3 ± 1.9 |
| ω-3 fatty acids, mg/d | 214 ± 205 | 412 ± 335 | 157 ± 133 | 504 ± 341 | 162 ± 174 | 438 ± 317 |
| MUFA:SFA ratio | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
| Red and processed meat, servings/d | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.4 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages, drinks/d | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.1 ± 0.3 |
| Sodium, mg/d | 3491 ± 1484 | 2921 ± 1277 | 2864 ± 1276 | 3504 ± 1491 | 3664 ± 1484 | 2712 ± 1220 |
| Trans fatty acids, % energy | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 0.9 ± 0.4 |
| Fiber, g/d | 15.1 ± 3.7 | 28.2 ± 7.5 | 15.5 ± 4.4 | 27.1 ± 6.9 | 15.8 ± 4.2 | 27.3 ± 7.7 |
| Folate, μg/d | 361 ± 215 | 607 ± 303 | 390 ± 251 | 585 ± 284 | 396 ± 225 | 581 ± 322 |
| Calcium, mg/d | 712 ± 335 | 1086 ± 460 | 874 ± 441 | 924 ± 397 | 834 ± 399 | 968 ± 463 |
1Values are means ± SDs. AMED, Alternative Mediterranean Diet; AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; CRC, colorectal cancer; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Q, quintile.
2Nutrients were energy-adjusted.