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. 2018 Nov 23;108(5):1069–1091. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy097

FIGURE 11.

FIGURE 11

Dietary β-carotene and blood concentrations of β-carotene and total cancer: dose-response analyses. (A) Dietary β-carotene and total cancer: linear dose-response analysis. The summary RR per 5000 µg/d was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.02, I2 = 25%, Pheterogeneity = 0.26, n = 4). (B) β-Carotene in blood and total cancer: linear dose-response analysis. The summary RR per 25 µg/dL was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.86, I2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.64, n = 7). (C) Dietary β-carotene and total cancer: nonlinear dose-response analysis. There was evidence of nonlinearity between dietary β-carotene and total cancer (Pnonlinearity = 0.003). (D) β-Carotene in blood and total cancer: nonlinear dose-response analysis. There was evidence of nonlinearity for β-carotene in blood and total cancer (Pnonlinearity = 0.60). Summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of random-effects models, and the nonlinear dose-response analyses were conducted with the use of restricted cubic splines.