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. 2018 Nov 23;108(5):1069–1091. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy097

FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 7

Dietary intake and blood concentrations of carotenoids and mortality: dose-response analyses. (A) Dietary carotenoids and mortality: linear dose-response analysis. The summary RR per 5000 µg/d was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.93, I2 = 2%, Pheterogeneity = 0.40, n = 6). (B) Carotenoids in blood and mortality: linear dose-response analysis. The summary RR per 50 µg/dL was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.81, I2 = 50%, Pheterogeneity = 0.04, n = 10). (C) Dietary carotenoids and mortality: nonlinear dose-response analysis. There was evidence of nonlinearity between dietary carotenoids and mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.01). (D) Carotenoids in blood and mortality: nonlinear dose-response analysis. There was no evidence of nonlinearity for vitamin C in blood and mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.73). Summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of random-effects models, and the nonlinear dose-response analyses were conducted with the use of restricted cubic splines. SMHS, Shanghai Men's Health Study; SWHS, Shanghai Women's Health Study.