Fig. 5.

Molecular Phylogenetic analysis of laboratory populations and museum specimens by Maximum Likelihood analyses, using the 12S rRNA gene sequence. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-629.9965) is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying Neighbor-Join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach, and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 12 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There was a total of 180 positions in the final dataset. The numbers at each node represent bootstrap proportions based on 1000 replications. Laboratory populations are in black and Museum specimens are in brown. Musca domestica was used as outgroup. All abbreviations used in the Figures are shown in Additional file 5.