Fig. 7.

Impact of ionizing radiation on Wigglesworthia and Wolbachia copy number in G. m. morsitans females. Four males and four females of adults emerged from 22-day old puparia exposed to different radiation doses were used to quantify Wigglesworthia and Wolbachia copy number at different time point post-emergence. Normalized qPCR data were transformed (λ = 0.3 and λ = − 0.04) to best fit the statistical normal distribution. * indicates a significant different between treatments at different levels (Tukey HSD at the 95% family wise confidence level), (* (P < 0.05 level), ** (P < 0.001), *** (P < 0.0001))