Table 1.
The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD)
Reference | Type | (n) | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Kerkeni et al. (Kerkeni et al., 2014) | Randomized Control Trial | 161 | Serum pentosidine concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CAD in both patients with and without DM (p = 0.032 and 0.002, respectively). CML levels did not show a significant difference in patients with CAD between those with and without DM. The serum pentosidine concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CAD who had a Gensini score of > 20 compared to those with the score of “1–20” or “0” (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). CML concentration was not associated with the severity of CAD (p = 0.853). |
Lu L et al. (Lu et al., 2009) | Cross Sectional | 1320 | Elevated glycated albumin and reduced esRAGE levels correlated with the severity of CAD and progression of the plaque in patients with DM (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in glycated albumin and esRAGE concentrations (in patients without DM) between patients with and without CAD. |
Basta et al. (Basta et al., 2008) | Randomized Control Trial | 81 | AGE concentrations were significantly higher in patients with multi-vessel CAD compared to those with single vessel disease at both day 1 and day 180 after PCI (p =. 0.033 and 0.005, respectively), but not before PCI (p =. 0.60). There was a significant increase in sRAGE levels at 180 days (491 μg/ml [374–850]) compared to before and 1 day after PCI (406 μg/ml [266–575] and 393 μg/ml [222–554] respectively, p = 0.011). There was a correlation between CML levels and the extent of the stenting on day 1 and day 180 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively). |
Kiuchi et al. (Kiuchi et al., 2001) | Randomized Control Trial | 83 | AGE concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CAD who had DM compared to those without DM (2.8 vs. 5.5 mU/mL, respectively (p < 0.0125). However, AGE concentrations did not show a significant difference in patients without CAD between patients with and without DM. There was a significant association between AGE levels and severity of CAD in patients with DM (single vessel: 3.4 mU/mL, two vessels: 5.7 mU/mL, and three vessels: 7.2 mU/mL). There was no significant correlation between AGE levels and severity of CAD in patients with or without DM. |
Kanauchi et al. (Kanauchi et al., 2001) | Observational | 98 | There were significantly higher AGE levels in patients with CAD and DM compared to control individuals (2.42 ± 0.65 vs. 1.96 ± 0.40 mU/mL, p < 0.01). The AGE concentrations significantly correlated with the severity of CAD (no CAD: 1.98 ± 0.29; 1 vessel: 2.09 ± 0.34; 2 vessels: 2.60 ± 0.73; and 3 vessels: 3.18 ± 0.58 mU/ml, p < 0.0001). |