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. 2018 Nov 23;20(Suppl 3):iii55–iii68. doi: 10.1093/europace/euy232

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Effects of combination remodelling on IAC ablation. These maps correspond to the examples shown in Figure 5. (A) Example failure as RA AF sustains post-IAC ablation, and LA arrhythmia terminates. (B) An example success (compared with failure for interstitial case). (C) An example failure (same outcome as interstitial fibrosis). (D) An example failure (compared with success for interstitial case). AF, atrial fibrillation; IAC, interatrial connections; LA, left atrium; LGE-MRI, late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging; PS, phase singularity; RA, right atrium.