Table 2.
Odds ratio (95% CI) from multivariable logistic regression by dairy food type
| Sex | Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | ||
| BMI | |||||||||
| Dairy products | W | 0.87 (0.82, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88)< 0.001 | 0.75 (0.71,0.80)< 0.001 | 0.70 (0.66, 0.74)< 0.001 | 0.89 (0.82, 0.95)0.001 | 0.0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.71 (0.66, 0.77)< 0.001 | 0.66 (0.61, 0.72)< 0.001 |
| M | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93)< 0.001 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001 | 0.71 (0.67, 0.76)< 0.001 | 0.71 (0.67, 0.75)< 0.001 | 0.87 (0.81, 0.94)< 0.001 | 0.0.82 (0.76, 0,89)< 0.001 | 0.73 (0.67, 0.79)< 0.001 | 0.72 (0.66, 0.79)< 0.001 | |
| Non-fermented milk | W | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13)0..044 | 1.03 (0.97,1.09) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 1.15 (1.08, 1.21)< 0.001 | 1.14 (1.06, 1.23)0.001 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.20 (1.11, 1.30)< 0.001 | 1.25 (1.15,1.35)< 0.001 |
| M | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14)0.019 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.028 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)0.006 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)0.008 | 1.20 (1.11,1.30)< 0.001 | |
| Fermented milk | W | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.96)< 0.001 | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97)0.002 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.18)0.017 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17)0,043 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) |
| M | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.04) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93)< 0.001 | 0.78 (0.73, 0.83)< 0.001 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)0.035 | |
| Cheese | W | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.84 (0.79, 0.88)< 0.001 | 0.81 (0.76, 0.86)< 0.001 | 0.69 (0.65, 0.73)< 0.001 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95)0.001 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95)0.001 | 0.71 (0.65, 0.77)< 0.001 |
| M | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 0.94 (0.89, 1.00)0.059 | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88)< 0.001 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001 | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.86, 1,00) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94)< 0.001 | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98)0.013 | |
| Butter | W | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)< 0.001 | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) 0.002 | 0.82 (0.78, 0.87)< 0.001 | 0.68 (0.64, 0.72)< 0.001 | 0.82 (0.76, 0.89)< 0.001 | 0.84 (0.78, 0.90)< 0.001 | 0.75 (0.70, 0.81)< 0.001 | 0.60 (0.57, 0.65)< 0.001 |
| M | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13)0.060 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 0.78 (0.73, 0.82)< 0.001 | 0.80 (0.75, 0.85)< 0.001 | 1.03 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.71 (0.65, 0.77)< 0.001 | 0.72 (0.67, 0.78)< 0.001 | |
| S-Cholesterol | |||||||||
| Dairy products | W | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.13) 0.045 | 1.12 (1.05, 1.19)< 0.001 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19)0.020 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.21)0.011 | 1.20 (1.09, 1.31)< 0.001 |
| M | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)0.001 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.032 | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)0.007 | 1.16 (1.06, 1.25)0.001 | 1.22 (1.11, 1.34)< 0.001 | |
| Non-fermented milk | W | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) |
| M | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.18)0.029 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19)0.012 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | |
| Fermented milk | W | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98)0.006 | 0.86 (0.81, 0.91)< 0.001 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.11) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) |
| M | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14) 0.030 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98)0.015 | 0.81 (0.76, 0.86)< 0.001 | 1.12 (1.04, 1.21)0.004 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | |
| Cheese | W | 1.00 (0.94, 1.06) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.19)0.001 | 1.10 (1.03, 1.17)0.004 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18)0.044 | 1.02 (0.94, 1.12) |
| M | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)< 0.001 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14)0.042 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.11 (1.03, 1.19)0.008 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | |
| Butter | W | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.14)0.024 | 1.16 (1.09, 1.23)< 0.001 | 1.21 (1.14, 1.29)< 0.001 | 1.09 (1.00, 1.18)0.047 | 1.14 (1.05, 1.23)0.001 | 1.20 (1.11, 1.30)< 0.001 | 1.31 (1.21, 1.43)< 0.001 |
| M | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 1.13 (1.06, 1.20)< 0.001 | 1.20 (1.13, 1.27)< 0.001 | 1.15 (1.08, 1.23)< 0.001 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 1.18 (1.10, 1.28)< 0.001 | 1.23 (1.14, 1.34)< 0.001 | 1.27 (1.17, 1.38)< 0.001 | |
| S-Triglycerides | |||||||||
| Dairy products | W | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97)0.013 | 0.92 (0.79, 1.06) |
| M | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.83, 0.95)0.001 | 0.86 (0.81, 0.93)< 0.001 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | |
| Non-fermented milk | W | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.19 (1.09, 1.30)< 0.001 | 1.06 (0.94, 1.19) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) |
| M | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.16) 0.039 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.19) | 1.11 (1.00, 1.22) | |
| Fermented milk | W | 0.91 (0.84, 1.00)0.041 | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)0.005 | 0.77 (0.71, 0.85)< 0.001 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.97 (0.86, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.87 (0.77, 0.99)0.031 | 0.97 (0.85, 1.09) |
| M | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99)0.028 | 0.84 (0.78, 0.90)< 0.001 | 0.72 (0.67, 0.77)< 0.001 | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) | |
| Cheese | W | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)0.003 | 0.86 (0.79, 0.94)0.001 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93)< 0.001 | 0.81 (0.75, 0.89)< 0.001 | 0.85 (0.76, 0.95)0.003 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | 0.87 (0.77, 0.98)0.026 | 0.77 (0.67, 0.89)< 0.001 |
| M | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.85 (0.79, 0.91)< 0.001 | 0.87 (0.81, 0.94)< 0.001 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.85, 1.03) | |
| Butter | W | 0.84 (0.77, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.82 (0.76, 0.90)< 0.001 | 0.83 (0.76, 0.91)< 0.001 | 0.80 (0.73, 0.87)< 0.001 | 0.88 (0.78, 0.99)0.031 | 0.88 (0.78, 0.98)0.025 | 0.86 (0.76, 0.97)0.012 | 0.81 (0.71, 0.92)0.001 |
| M | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) 0.038 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97)0.005 | 0.85 (0.79, 0.92)< 0.001 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98)0.017 | |
Abbreviations: W women, M men
Odds ratio (95% CI) are from multivariable logistic regression for being classified with an undesirable level of BMI, cholesterol or triglycerides and increasing quintile groups (Q1 to Q5) for intake of dairy products. Q1, lowest intake, is the reference category. Statistically significant p-values are in superscript
aThe crude models included age and dairy type
bThe adjusted models also included screening year, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking, intakes of fruits and vegetables, alcohol and non-alcohol energy. The models with overweight did not include BMI, and models including S-cholesterol or S-triglyceride were also adjusted for if the analyses were performed before or after the change of analyses methods