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Mixing demonstration using acoustically driven cilia. (a) DI water and fluorescein dye flows side by side without any significant mixing in the absence of cilia actuation. (b) When the piezoelectric transducer is turned on, two solutions are mixed in ~100 milliseconds by the actuation of cilia structures. (c) Intensity plot (normalized to 1) along the dotted lines in (a) and (b) shows homogenous mixing that is characterized with a mixing index of ~0.92.
