Table 3.
Results from statistical tests for raw and normalized RTs.
| Effect significance, raw RT | Effect significance, normalized RT | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Main effects | |||
| (A) Group | F(2,95) = 24.19, p < 0.001 | ||
| HC-AD | (−578.9, −131.4), p = 0.001 | ||
| Post hoc | HC-LBD | (−802.5, −384.9), p < 0.001 | |
| AD-LBD | (−425.9, −51.2), p = 0.008 | ||
| (B) Cue | F(2,190) = 73.97, p < 0.001 | F(2,190) = 131.81, p < 0.001 | |
| Post hoc | Alerting | (4.9, 46.1), p = 0.01 | (0.011, 0.038), p < 0.001 |
| Orienting | (58.7, 104.5), p < 0.001 | (0.055, 0.085), p < 0.001 | |
| (C) Target | F(1,95) = 448.04, p < 0.001 | F(1,95) = 981.64, p < 0.001 | |
| Interactions | |||
| (D) Cue × Group | F(4,190) = 1.64, p = 0.17 | F(4,190) = 6.97, p < 0.001 | |
| HC Cue | F(2,42) = 167.0, p < 0.001 | ||
| Alerting | (0.026, 0.068), p < 0.001 | ||
| Orienting | (0.073, 0.111), p < 0.001 | ||
| AD Cue | F(2,60) = 33.33, p < 0.001 | ||
| Alerting | (−0.003, 0.047), p = 0.10 | ||
| Orienting | (0.037, 0.089), p < 0.001 | ||
| LBD Cue | F(2,88) = 24.89, p < 0.001 | ||
| Alerting | (−0.015, 0.026), p = 1.0 | ||
| Orienting | (0.03, 0.080), p < 0.001 | ||
| (E) Target × Group | F(2,95) = 5.30, p = 0.007 | F(2,95) = 3.01, p = 0.054 | |
| HC | Executive | F(1,21) = 111.68, p < 0.001 | F(1,21) = 227.05, p < 0.001 |
| AD | Executive | F(1,30) = 205.38, p < 0.001 | F(1,30) = 370.25, p < 0.001 |
| LBD | Executive | F(1,44) = 226.33, p < 0.001 | F(1,44) = 443.46, p < 0.001 |
| (F) Cue × target | F(1.7,157.1) = 6.51, p = 0.002 | F(1.9,177.8) = 14.53, p < 0.001 | |
| (G) Cue × target × group | F(3.3,157.1) = 0.9, p = 0.46 | F(3.7,177.8) = 1.44, p = 0.22 | |
| Magnitude group differences | |||
| (H) Alerting | ANOVA | F(2,95) = 2.63, p = 0.08 | F(2,95) = 4.85, p = 0.01 |
| HC-AD | (−0.010, 0.060), p = 0.25 | ||
| Post hoc | HC-LBD | (0.009, 0.074), p = 0.008 | |
| AD-LBD | (−0.013, 0.046), p = 0.52 | ||
| (I) Orienting | ANOVA | F(2,95) = 0.27, p = 0.77 | F(2,95) = 3.06, p = 0.052 |
| (J) Executive | ANOVA | F(2,95) = 5.30, p = 0.007 | F(2,95) = 3.01, p = 0.054 |
| HC-AD | (−325.5, −17.55), p = 0.02 | (−0.111, 0.049), p = 1.0 | |
| Post hoc | HC-LBD | (−326.4, −39.1), p = 0.008 | (−0.039, 0.111), p = 0.73 |
| AD-LBD | (−140.2, 117.7), p = 1.0 | (−0.0001, 0.134), p = 0.05 |
Repeated measures (cue × target) ANOVA effects with group (HC, AD, LBD) as between-subject factor (F-value, degrees of freedom (df), error df and p-value), and Post hoc tests (95% confidence interval of the mean difference, Bonferroni-corrected p-value). AD, Alzheimer’s disease; HC, healthy controls; LBD, Lewy body dementia; RT, reaction time.