Table 1.
Characteristics of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Disseminated/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
| Characteristics | Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis | Disseminated/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis |
|---|---|---|
| Main agents | New World: - Leishmania amazonensis - Leishmania mexicana - Leishmania piffanoi - Leishmania panamensis |
New World: Viannia species - Leishmania braziliensis - Leishmania guyanensis - L panamensis |
| Immune response | Th-2 | Th-1 |
| Lesional parasites | Abundant on pathology | Rare on pathology |
| Montenegro’s test | Negative/poor | Reactive |
| Plaque formation | Frequent | Rare |
| Response to drug therapy | Resistant/poor, relapse | Good |
| Infection/clinical course | Chronic, 20+ years | Acute, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis can occur years after primary lesion |
| Affected ages and sex | All ages and sexes | Young adults, male |
| Mucosal lesions | No | Yes |