TABLE 2.

Cross-sectional associations between dietary pattern scores and 2 major metabolomic signatures among Asian Indians, aged 45–79 y, in the MASALA pilot study¹

	All participants (n = 145)2				Participants without type 2 diabetes (n = 105)3
	Western/nonvegetarian dietary pattern		Vegetarian dietary pattern		Nonvegetarian dietary pattern		Vegetarian dietary pattern
	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P	β ± SE	P
Metabolite pattern 14
Model 1	−0.131 ± 0.080	0.10	0.034 ± 0.078	0.67	−0.162 ± 0.090	0.08	0.027 ± 0.089	0.77
Model 2	−0.173 ± 0.100	0.09	0.070 ± 0.097	0.47	−0.188 ± 0.104	0.07	0.060 ± 0.106	0.57
Model 3	−0.173 ± 0.103	0.10	0.065 ± 0.100	0.52	−0.189 ± 0.105	0.07	0.061 ± 0.108	0.57
Metabolite pattern 25
Model 1	0.144 ± 0.075	0.06	0.008 ± 0.074	0.91	0.257 ± 0.080	0.002	−0.042 ± 0.082	0.61
Model 2	0.189 ± 0.090	0.04	0.010 ± 0.087	0.91	0.323 ± 0.089	0.0005	−0.064 ± 0.095	0.51
Model 3	0.180 ± 0.090	0.05	0.014 ± 0.088	0.87	0.323 ± 0.090	0.0005	−0.068 ± 0.097	0.48

¹Values are βs ± SEs for each metabolite pattern score per 1-unit increase in the dietary pattern factor score calculated by using linear regression. Model 1 adjusted for age (years) and sex; model 2 adjusted as for model 1 plus for smoking (never, past smoker, or current smoker), education (high school or less, less than Bachelor's degree, Bachelor's degree, or more than Bachelor's degree), BMI (kg/m²), physical activity (metabolic equivalent task hours per week), and total energy intake (kilocalories per day); model 3 adjusted as for model 2 plus for prevalent hypertension (yes or no). AAA, aromatic amino acid; AC, acylcarnitine; MASALA, Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America.

²Among all participants, model 3 was additionally adjusted for prevalent diabetes status (yes or no).

³Among participants without type 2 diabetes, a vegetarian pattern was identified in the first principal component, whereas a nonvegetarian pattern was identified in the second principal component.

⁴Medium- to long-chain ACs.

⁵BCAA, AAA, and short-chain AC pattern.