. 2018 Jun 10;148(7):1150–1159. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy074

TABLE 3.

Adjusted mean metabolite pattern scores according to dietary pattern score among Asian Indians, aged 45–79 y, in the MASALA pilot study¹

	All participants (n = 145)²						Participants without type 2 diabetes (n = 105)³
	Western/Nonvegetarian dietary pattern			Vegetarian dietary pattern			Nonvegetarian dietary pattern			Vegetarian dietary pattern
	Low scores (<0)	High scores (>0)	P	Low scores (<0)	High scores (>0)	P	Low scores (<0)	High scores (>0)	P	Low scores (<0)	High scores (>0)	P
Metabolite pattern 1⁴
Model 1	0.118 ± 0.100	−0.180 ± 0.123	0.06	0.049 ± 0.101	−0.074 ± 0.122	0.44	0.138 ± 0.117	−0.091 ± 0.134	0.20	0.136 ± 0.114	−0.108 ± 0.140	0.18
Model 2	0.232 ± 0.192	−0.100 ± 0.208	0.07	0.148 ± 0.197	0.028 ± 0.217	0.56	0.267 ± 0.207	0.081 ± 0.218	0.35	0.276 ± 0.207	0.040 ± 0.235	0.31
Model 3	0.236 ± 0.195	−0.098 ± 0.211	0.07	0.149 ± 0.199	0.023 ± 0.222	0.55	0.266 ± 0.209	0.079 ± 0.222	0.35	0.276 ± 0.210	0.039 ± 0.234	0.31
Metabolite pattern 2⁵
Model 1	−0.152 ± 0.093	0.220 ± 0.115	0.01	0.010 ± 0.095	−0.022 ± 0.115	0.83	−0.066 ± 0.106	0.280 ± 0.122	0.03	0.126 ± 0.105	0.020 ± 0.130	0.53
Model 2	−0.374 ± 0.170	0.030 ± 0.185	0.01	−0.174 ± 0.177	−0.270 ± 0.194	0.60	−0.157 ± 0.182	0.205 ± 0.193	0.04	0.089 ± 0.186	−0.141 ± 0.211	0.27
Model 3	−0.350 ± 0.169	0.042 ± 0.182	0.02	−0.168 ± 0.175	−0.224 ± 0.194	0.76	−0.160 ± 0.185	0.202 ± 0.196	0.04	0.084 ± 0.189	−0.148 ± 0.214	0.27

¹Values are adjusted mean ± SE metabolite pattern scores calculated by using linear regression. Model 1 adjusted for age (years) and sex; model 2 adjusted as for model 1 plus for smoking (never, past smoker, or current smoker), education (high school or less, less than Bachelor's degree, Bachelor's degree, or more than Bachelor's degree), BMI (kg/m²), physical activity (metabolic equivalent task hours per week), and total energy intake (kilocalories per day); model 3 adjusted as for model 2 plus for prevalent hypertension (yes or no). AAA, aromatic amino acid; AC, acylcarnitine; MASALA, Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America.

²Among all participants, model 3 was additionally adjusted for prevalent diabetes status (yes or no).

³Among participants without type 2 diabetes, a vegetarian pattern was identified in the first principal component, whereas a nonvegetarian pattern was identified in the second principal component.

⁴Medium- to long-chain ACs.

⁵BCAA, AAA, and short-chain AC pattern.