Figure 2.

The relative adhesion of P. gingivalis cells to C. albicans biofilm after 3 or 24 h of co-culture under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Fungal biofilm was prepared by culturing 5 × 10⁵ cells (CA) in 100 μL RPMI 1640 medium per microplate well for 24 h at 37°C under aerobic conditions. 1 × 10⁷ or 1 × 10⁸ cells of P. gingivalis W83 strain or Δppad strain, both labeled with CFSE, were added to be further incubated for 3 or 24 h. The fluorescence intensity of CFSE-labeled cells was measured with the excitation/emission wavelengths of 480/520 nm. The adhesion of bacteria to the microplate wells was assumed to represent 100%. Bars on the graph represent the mean values of three determinations ± SD. Statistical significance levels were determined with one-way ANOVA test with Tukey's multiple comparison test and marked with ^**for P < 0.01, ^***for P < 0.001 and ‘ns’ for ‘not significant’.