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. 2017 Apr 28;26(15):2864–2873. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddx167

Figure 1.

Figure 1

DMF increases mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial biogenesis marker expression and mitochondrial complex expression in human fibroblasts. Human fibroblast cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO vehicle, 3µM, 10µM or 30µM DMF for 48 h. (A) qPCR analysis of mitochondrial DNA copy number over nuclear DNA copy number (MT-TL1/B2M). (B) qPCR analysis of TFAM normalized to β-Actin. (C) qPCR analysis of two subunits of complex 1-5. Bars represent averages ± standard deviations (n = 3, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001). One way ANOVA with post-hoc dunnett test comparing all groups to vehicle, was used to measure statistical significance.