DMF increases basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. (A) Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of human fibroblasts treated with 0.1% DMSO vehicle, 3µM, 10µM or 30µM DMF for 48 h. (B) Relative basal oxygen consumption normalized to vehicle-treated fibroblasts, noted as segment B in Figure 2A. (C) Relative maximal oxygen consumption of mitochondrial uncoupled (FCCP) cells normalized to vehicle-treated fibroblasts, noted as segment C in Figure 2A. Bars represent averages ± standard deviations (n = 8, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). One way ANOVA with post-hoc dunnett test comparing all groups to vehicle, was used to measure statistical significance.