Table 1.
Summary of Relevant Literature Reporting qEEG Data in TBI Patients.
| Publication | Ref | Sample size and sex | Mean time post injury | Injury Severity | Control | Polysomnogram data | Quantitative EEG data |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parsons et al, 1997, J Neurotrauma | 97 | 8 (2) | 72 hours, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks | Mild | None | · No differences | · Increase in delta, theta, and alpha-1 power at 72 hours post-injury that decreased across the 12 week time point |
| Williams et al, 2008, Clin Neurophysiol | 239 | 9 (3) | 27.8 months | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · Decreased sleep efficiency and REM latency | · No differences |
| Gosselin et al, 2009, Sleep Medicine | 96 | 10 (7) | 6.2 months | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · No differences | · No differences in NREM or REM sleep qEEG data,· Increased delta and reduced alpha power in the waking qEEG |
| Rao et al, 2011, J Neuropsy Clin Neurosci | 94 | 7 (1) | ≤1 week | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · Increased sleep latency and lower sleep efficiency | · Decreased delta power, but increased alpha and beta power, during NREM sleep |
| Khoury et al, 2013, J Neurotrauma | 95 | 24 (9) | 48.7 days | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · Increased sleep latency and lower sleep efficiency | · Decreased delta power, but increased alpha and beta power, during NREM sleep |
| Arbour et al, 2015, Sleep Medicine | 240 | 34 (11) | 10.5 weeks | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · No differences | · Increased beta power, with no differences in absolute delta, theta, alpha, or sigma power |
| Cote et al, 2015, AIMS Neuroscience | 99 | 20 (11) | 6.7 years | 6, Mild; 8, Mod; 6, Severe | Healthy non-TBI | · Increased sleep latency | · Decreased density of spontaneous K-complexes and fewer evoked K-complexes |
| Imbach and Büchele et al, 2016 Neurology | 52 | 31 (11) | 18 months | 21, Mild; 2, Mod; 8, Severe | Healthy non-TBI | · Increased sleep time · Decreased sleep latency | · Increase in NREM sleep and higher delta power |
| Modarres et al, 2016, Neurobiol Sleep Circ Rhythm | 100 | 8 (0) | 58.4 months | Mild | Healthy non-TBI | · Decreased sleep latency · Decreased % REM sleep | · Increased slow waves during wakefulness, and decreased coherence across channels |
Value in parentheses next to sample size denotes number of female subjects.
Abbreviations: qEEG, quantitative electroencephalography; EMG, electromyography; NREM, non-rapid eye movement; REM, rapid eye movement; TBI, traumatic brain injury.