Table 5.
Longitudinal associations of inflammatory markers with kidney function decline, rapid kidney function decline and incident CKD
| Outcome = eGFR decline (mL/min/1.73 m2/year) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |||
| CRP (per doubling) | — | — | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.07) | −0.02 (−0.09, 0.08) | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.07) | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.05) |
| IL-6 (per doubling) | — | — | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | −0.001 (−0.11, 0.11) | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.14) |
| TNF-α (per doubling) | — | — | 0.07 (−0.10, 0.23) | 0.17 (0.001, 0.35)** | 0.18 (0.0004, 0.36)** | 0.18 (−0.003, 0.37) |
| Outcome = rapid eGFR decline >30% | ||||||
| n | No. of patients with rapid decline | |||||
| CRP (per doubling) | 2598 | 451 | 1.19 (1.08, 1.30)* | 1.17 (1.06, 1.30)** | 1.14 (1.01, 1.27)** | 1.14 (1.02, 1.29)** |
| IL-6 (per doubling) | 2598 | 451 | 1.17 (1.03, 1.32)** | 1.15 (1.00, 1.31)** | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) |
| TNF-α (per doubling) | 2598 | 451 | 1.18 (0.98, 1.44) | 1.34 (1.06, 1.68)** | 1.30 (1.03, 1.65)** | 1.25 (0.99, 1.59) |
| Outcome = incident CKD | ||||||
| n | No. of patients with incident CKD | |||||
| CRP (per doubling) | 1986 | 556 | 1.15 (1.08, 1.22)* | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)** | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.06 (0.98, 1.15) |
| IL-6 (per doubling) | 1986 | 556 | 1.25 (1.16, 1.35)* | 1.14 (1.05, 1.24)** | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) |
| TNF-α (per doubling) | 1986 | 556 | 1.80 (1.54, 2.10)* | 1.40 (1.20, 1.63)* | 1.36 (1.17, 1.59)* | 1.30 (1.11, 1.53)** |
a
Model 1: demographics and risk factors; model adjusted for age, gender, race, site, DM, SBP, HTN meds, smoking, prevalent cardiovascular disease, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and eGFR.
b
Model 2: inflammation and health; model further adjusted for CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and self-reported health status.
c
Model 3: further adjusted for urine albumin.
*
P < 0.001.
**
P < 0.05.