Table 1.
Full-sample (N = 61 115) | Subsamples | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH white (N = 48 196) | NH AA (N = 5339) | NH Asian (N = 1148) | Hispanic (N = 4059) | ||||||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | p value (vs. NH white) | N | % | p value (vs. NH white) | N | % | p value (vs. NH white) | |
Gender | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | .0254 | 1148 | <.0001* | 4059 | <.0001* | |||||
Female | 45.9 | 47.8 | 45.9 | 25.6 | 35.1 | ||||||||
Male | 54.1 | 52.2 | 54.1 | 74.5 | 64.9 | ||||||||
Age | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | <.0001* | 1148 | <.0001* | 4059 | <.0001* | |||||
18 to 34 | 35.5 | 34.5 | 31.5 | 41.1 | 45.0 | ||||||||
35 to 49 | 31.5 | 31.2 | 32.6 | 33.2 | 32.6 | ||||||||
50 to 64 | 25.3 | 26.1 | 28.9 | 18.9 | 18.1 | ||||||||
≥65 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 4.3 | ||||||||
Race/ethnicity | 61 115 | ||||||||||||
NH white | 74.9 | ||||||||||||
NH AA | 11.0 | ||||||||||||
NH Asian | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
Hispanic | 9.1 | ||||||||||||
NH Other | 2.7 | ||||||||||||
Education | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | <.0001* | 1148 | <.0001* | 4059 | <.0001* | |||||
≤High school graduate | 57.3 | 55.2 | 65.2 | 36.2 | 71.3 | ||||||||
Some college | 30.2 | 31.5 | 27.6 | 25.5 | 22.0 | ||||||||
At least college degree | 12.5 | 13.3 | 7.2 | 38.2 | 6.7 | ||||||||
Family income | 58 058 | 45 771 | 5033 | <.0001* | 1063 | <.0001* | 3891 | <.0001* | |||||
<$25 000 | 34.9 | 31.0 | 55.5 | 25.6 | 42.3 | ||||||||
$25 000–$49 999 | 31.3 | 31.8 | 27.5 | 27.9 | 33.3 | ||||||||
$50 000–$74 999 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 10.0 | 20.4 | 13.7 | ||||||||
≥$75 000 | 16.6 | 18.6 | 7.1 | 26.1 | 10.7 | ||||||||
Marital status | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | <.0001* | 1148 | <.0001* | 4059 | <.0001* | |||||
Married | 41.2 | 43.3 | 25.7 | 49.4 | 42.9 | ||||||||
Widowed/divorced | 23.0 | 24.5 | 21.5 | 11.4 | 15.5 | ||||||||
Separated | 4.3 | 3.7 | 8.2 | 1.1 | 5.7 | ||||||||
Never married | 31.5 | 28.6 | 44.6 | 38.2 | 36.0 | ||||||||
Region | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | <.0001* | 1148 | <.0001* | 4059 | <.0001* | |||||
Northeast | 16.8 | 17.4 | 15.1 | 18.7 | 16.1 | ||||||||
Midwest | 25.8 | 28.8 | 21.9 | 12.6 | 10.0 | ||||||||
South | 38.7 | 37.1 | 54.7 | 20.3 | 39.2 | ||||||||
West | 18.6 | 16.7 | 8.3 | 48.5 | 34.7 | ||||||||
Survey year | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | .0073 | 1148 | .3329 | 4059 | .0508 | |||||
2006/2007 | 52.4 | 52.9 | 50.6 | 51.2 | 51.1 | ||||||||
2010/2011 | 47.6 | 47.1 | 49.4 | 48.8 | 48.9 | ||||||||
How soon smoke first cigarette after awakening | 59 184 | 46 757 | 5111 | <.0001* | 1084 | <.0001* | 3932 | <.0001* | |||||
≥30 min | 47.8 | 44.7 | 48.6 | 62.5 | 68.7 | ||||||||
<30 min | 50.0 | 53.4 | 47.9 | 33.8 | 28.7 | ||||||||
No regular pattern | 2.2 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 2.6 | ||||||||
Usual cigarette type | 60 252 | 47 558 | 5242 | <.0001* | 1114 | <.0001* | 3997 | <.0001* | |||||
Non-menthol | 68.6 | 75.6 | 24.0 | 69.9 | 65.2 | ||||||||
Menthol | 28.0 | 21.7 | 72.3 | 21.5 | 28.0 | ||||||||
No usual type | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 8.6 | 6.8 | ||||||||
Quit attempts in past 12 months | 59 314 | 46 867 | 5120 | <.0001* | 1086 | .0083 | 3940 | <.0001* | |||||
No | 58.4 | 59.7 | 54.1 | 54.9 | 54.8 | ||||||||
Yes | 41.6 | 40.3 | 45.9 | 45.1 | 45.2 | ||||||||
Successful cessation ≥3 months | 61 115 | 48 196 | 5339 | .0052 | 1148 | .4379 | 4059 | .1721 | |||||
No | 94.1 | 94.1 | 95.2 | 94.7 | 93.0 | ||||||||
Yes | 5.9 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 7.1 | ||||||||
Intention to quit in next 6 monthsb | 52 450 | 41 402 | 4596 | <.0001* | 959 | .6258 | 3438 | .6386 | |||||
No | 58.7 | 59.7 | 52.9 | 60.6 | 59.2 | ||||||||
Yes | 41.3 | 40.3 | 47.1 | 39.4 | 40.8 |
AA = African American; N = unweighted sample size; NH = non-Hispanic. All the percentages were estimated from the weighted analysis. p values were from the bivariate analysis chi-square tests to compare between non-Hispanic white and the specific racial/ethnic subgroup examined in the column.
aNon-Hispanic Other group was not included in the subsample analysis.
bOnly among current smokers.
*p value < the Bonferroni-adjusted significance level at .0033 (= two-tailed significance at .01 / # of pairwise comparisons = .01/3).