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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018 May 24;88:67–79. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.019

Figure 5. Developmental nonlinearity and phenotypic robustness.

Figure 5

A) A nonlinear curve relating variation in a mechanism (e.g. gene expression) to phenotypic outcome. The amount of phenotypic variation that corresponds to a constant amount of variation in the mechanism is dependent on the slope at each point along the curve. B shows an expansion of Lewontin’s Genotype-phenotype map in the first column and hypothetical gene expression to process and gene-expression to phenotype curves in the second. The number of levels is arbitrary in this example.