Table 3.
Logistic regression models for associations between sleep parameters and health conditions.
| Obesity | Hypertension | Dyslipidemia | Diabetes | Anemia | HIV | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| (1) Self-reported sleep duration | Quartile 1 (4–7 h) vs 2 (8 h) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.17) | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.12) | 1.12 (0.86, 1.47) | 1.26 (1.01, 1.58) | 1.05 (0.86, 1.29) |
| Quartile 3 (9 h) vs 2 (8 h) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.38) | 1.19 (0.92, 1.52) | 1.19 (0.95, 1.49) | |
| Quartile 4 (10–14 h) vs 2 (8 h) | 1.07 (0.86, 1.33) | 0.84 (0.69, 1.03) | 0.88 (0.72, 1.09) | 1.31 (0.96, 1.79) | 1.43 (1.10, 1.86) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.38) | |
| (2) Bedtime | Quartile 2 (8- <9 pm) vs 1 (<8 pm) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.55) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.42) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.17) | 1.01 (0.72, 1.40) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.26) | 1.35 (1.03, 1.76) |
| Quartile 3 (9–9:30 pm) vs 1 (<8 pm) | 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) | 1.26 (1.02, 1.56) | 1.10 (0.88, 1.37) | 0.80 (0.57, 1.12) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.30) | 1.21 (0.93, 1.58) | |
| Quartile 4 (>9:30 pm) vs 1 (<8 pm) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) | 0.68 (0.47, 0.99) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.28) | 1.14 (0.86, 1.52) | |
| (3) Wake time | Quartile 2 (5 am) vs 1 ( < 5 am) | 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) | 0.81 (0.68, 0.98) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.64) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) |
| Quartile 3 (>5–6 am) vs 1 (<5 am) | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.18) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.28) | 1.14 (0.91, 1.42) | |
| Quartile 4 (>6 am) vs 1 (<5 am) | 1.23 (0.97, 1.57) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.81, 1.27) | 1.36 (0.96, 1.93) | 1.14 (0.85, 1.51) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.29) | |
| (4) Sleep quality | Bad vs good | 0.82 (0.61, 1.11) | 1.43 (1.08, 1.90) | 1.28 (0.98, 1.68) | 1.08 (0.72, 1.64) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.84) | 0.76 (0.53, 1.09) |
| (5) Latency > 30 min | At least once/week vs. <once/week | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.09) |
| (6) Insufficient sleep | Sometimes/rarely/never sufficient vs often/very often sufficient | 1.21 (1.05, 1.40) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.09) |
| (7) Restless sleep | Yes vs no | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) | 1.29 (1.05, 1.60) | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) |
| (8) Nocturnal awakenings | At least once/week vs < once/week | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.27) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.18) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) |
| (9) Snoring | Yes vs no | 2.18 (1.85, 2.57) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 1.41 (1.12, 1.78) | 0.82 (0.65, 1.02) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.09) |
| (10) Gasping | Yes vs no | 2.13 (1.75, 2.59) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.67) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) |
| (11) Breathing stops | Yes vs no | 1.77 (1.37, 2.30) | 1.42 (1.09, 1.85) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.21) | 1.29 (0.91, 1.83) | 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) | 0.85 (0.60, 1.20) |
Each of the six health conditions (dependent variables) was evaluated in a separate model for each off the 11 sleep variables (independent variables), adjusted for BMI category and demographic characteristics (age group, sex, education group, employment status, marital status, wealth index quintile). The obesity outcome was not adjusted for BMI.
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, BMI: body mass index.