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. 2018 Nov 23;8:17296. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35932-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PD1 expressing CD4 T cells show high heterogeneity after septic shock and do not co-express other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Expressions of several exhaustion (A) and activation (B) markers on CD4 T cell nodes from SPADE were compared in septic shock patients (n = 4, dark grey boxes) and healthy volunteers (n = 5, white boxes). The light grey areas represent global median expression on CD4 T cells from mass-minus-one control, characterising the threshold of positive expression for each marker. PD-1 expressing nodes are highlighted underlined.