Table 1.
Characteristics of included RCTs
| Author year (RoB) | Setting | Intervention description | Intervention components1 | Intervention deliverer | Intervention contacts | Intervention length | Sample size | Mean age (SD) | Sex (% male) | Mean FEV1% predicted (SD) | Maximum follow-up (months) | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billington 2015 (low) | UK | Nurse-led telephone intervention | AP, E | Nurse practitioner | 2 | 6w | 73 | Int: 72.1 (9.2) UC: 72.0 (11.0) | 47.9 | 3 | CAT; HSU; Exac. | |
| Bischoff13 (low) | Netherlands | Modified version of Canadian “Living Well with COPD” | AP, BT, DK, E, Ex, HL, M, SA | Practice nurse | 8-10 | 4–6w | 165 | Int: 65.5 (11.5) UC: 63.5 (10.3) | 64.8 | Int: 66.3 (16.5) UC: 63.5 (10.3) | 24 | CRQ; Exac; S-E |
| Coultas 16 (high) | USA | 1. medical management; 2. collaborative management | DK, E | Nurse | 1 + telephone | 6 m | 217 | 69 (8.2) | 43.1 | 6 | SGRQ; SF-36; II; HSU; S-E | |
| Efraimsson 14 (high) | Sweden | Self–care education | BT, CP, DK, E, Ex, I, M, PS | Study nurse | 2 | 12-20w | 52 | Int: 66 (9.4) UC: 67 (10.4) | 50 | 5 | SGRQ; Smoking | |
| Freund 8 (low) | Germany | Care management intervention | AP, assessment, monitoring | Medical assistants | Mean 11 | 12 m | 543 with COPD | Int: 71.6 (9.6) UC: 72.4 (9.6) | 48.0 | Median: Int 55.1 Con: 55.5 | 24 | HSU; SF-12; EQ-5D Mort |
| Howard 15 (low) | UK | COPD breathless manual | B, DK, R | Health psychologist | 3 | 5w | 222 | Int: 71.2 (10.4) UC: 73.2 (11.4) | 42.5 | Int: 55.9 (15.7) Con: 59.6 (15.9) | 12 | HSU; HADS; CRQ-SR |
| Lou 9 (high) | China | Management group | DK, Ex, I, M, PS, SC, V | GPs and specialists | 48+ | 2 yrs | 8217 | Int: 61.6 (13.5) UC: 61.4 (13.2) | 48.0 | 48 | BODE; HADS; Smoking, HSU; Mort | |
| Mitchell 19 (low) | UK | SPACE FOR COPD manual | AP, E, DK, Ex | Physiotherapist | 3 | 6w | 184 | Int: 69 (8.0) UC: 69 (10.1) | 54.9 | Int: 56.0 (16.8) UC: 59.6 (17.4) | 6 | CRQ; HADS; ISWT; ESWT; S-E; Smoking |
| Rea 10 (low) | New Zealand | Chronic disease management programme | CP, HL, M | Nurse and respiratory physician | Unclear 16 | Unclear 12 m | 135 | 68 | (42) | 51.1 | 12 | HSU; CRQ |
| Taylor 18 (high) | UK | Modified Expert Patients Programme | HCP, HL, M | Peers | 7 | 7w | 116 | Int: 69.0 (9.8) UC: 70.5 (10.0) | 45.7 | Int: 53.9 (22.6) UC: 54.6 (23.4) | 6 | SGRQ; EQ5D; HRQoL HADS; S-E |
| Walters 11 (high) | Australia | Health Mentoring | DK, HCP, M, SE | Community health nurses | 16 | 12 m | 182 | Int: 68.2 (7.9) UC: 67.3 (7.6) | 52.7 | Int: 54.0 (13.4) UC: 56.4 (13.2) | 12 | SF36; SGRQ; HADS; PIH; CES-D; HSU |
| Zwar 12 (high) | Australia | Individualised care plan | DK, E, Ex, M, SC | Nurse and GP | 9 | 6 m | 451 | Int: 65.8 (10.3) UC: 64.4 (10.3) | 47.9 | 12 | SGRQ; SF12; FEV1; Smoking; HSU |
BODE body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity, CAT COPD assessment tool, con control group, CRQ chronic respiratory questionnaire, HSU Health service use, ESWT endurance shuttle walking test, Exac exacerbations, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, II Illness intrusiveness, ISWT incremental shuttle walking test, Int intervention group, m months, Mort mortality, PIH Partners In Health Scale for self-management capacity, RoB risk of bias, S-E self-efficacy, SF-12 short form-12, SF-36 short form-36, SGRQ St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, UC usual care group, w weeks, yrs years.
1Components: AP action planning, B managing breathlessness, BT breathing techniques, CP care plan, DK disease knowledge, E exacerbation management, Ex exercise, HCP interactions with health care providers, HL maintaining healthy lifestyle, I infection prevention, M medications, PS psychological counselling, R relaxation, SA managing stress and anxiety, SC smoking cessation, V vaccination counselling.