Table 2.

Effect of self-management interventions on outcomes: meta-analyses

Outcome	No. of studies	Studies	No. of participants	Summary mean difference (95% CIs)	I2 (%)
SGRQ-total	4	Coultas; Taylor; Walters; Zwar	851	−0.29 (−2.09, 1.51)	0.0
SGRQ-impacts	3	Coultas; Taylor; Walters	400	−0.63 (−2.65, 1.38)	0.0
SGRQ-symptoms	3	Coultas; Taylor; Walters	400	−1.47 (−4.74, 1.80)	0.0
SGRQ-activity	3	Coultas; Taylor; Walters	400	−1.56 (−4.22, 1.10)	0.0
CRQ-dyspnea	3	Bischoff; Howard; Mitchell	516	0.76 (−0.24, 1.76)	90.9
CRQ-emotions	3	Bischoff; Howard; Mitchell	516	0.85 (−0.20, 1.90)	93.5
CRQ-fatigue	3	Bischoff; Howard; Mitchell	516	0.45 (−0.26, 1.16)	83.3
CRQ-mastery	3	Bischoff; Howard; Mitchell	516	0.57 (−0.24, 1.38)	89.5
HADS anxiety	4	Howard; Mitchell; Taylor; Walters	676	−0.35 (−0.91, 0.21)	37.1
HADS depression	4	Howard; Mitchell; Taylor; Walters	676	−0.59 (−1.51, 0.33)	82.0