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. 2018 Nov 23;8:17315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35678-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Adolescent fear conditioning facilitated re-learning of the fear cue-shock association, but did not influence freezing to the first fear cue presentation. Averaged % time freezing was analysed individually for each fear cue in DC1 (a) and DC2 (c). Freezing levels to the first fear cue, i.e. before any shock was presented are low in all groups, but noticeably accelerated after the first fear cue-shock pairing in the ADSC-F group (a). Fear + safety cues between two fear cue-shock presentations were averaged to form intervals (i) for DC1 (b) and DC2 (d). In DC1, ADSC-F rats showed high freezing levels in i1, after the first fear cue-shock presentation (b). At DC2, freezing levels did not change over the course of the session (c,d). Note that in DC2 fear + safety cues were presented before the first fear cue shock pairing, resulting in five intervals. f: fear cue; ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 between group difference vs ADSC-F within the same interval; ^p < 0.05 between group difference vs ADSC-U within the same interval; ^####p < 0.0001, ^###p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05 within group difference vs f1 (a) or i1 (b); ⁺⁺⁺p < 0.001, ⁺⁺p < 0.01 within group difference vs f2 (a) or i2 (b), and ^&p < 0.05 within group difference vs i3 (b). Data are mean + SEM.