Table 1.
Serum cytokine levels in the various experimental and control groups.
| pg/ml | C (n = 8) | P (n = 13) | D (n = 10) | E (n = 14) | F (n = 14) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM-CSF | 8.61 ± 16.51 | ND | 2.65 ± 8.38 | 5.32 ± 15.20 | 1.89 ± 7.09 |
| IFN-γ | 5.86 ± 12.51 | 0.07 ± 0.24 | 1.06 ± 3.34 | 6.60 ± 15.24 | 2.07 ± 5.38 |
| IL-10† | 1876.37 ± 5107.59 | 18.41 ± 12.97* | 25.00 ± 25.33 | 56.55 ± 146.53 | 8.31 ± 14.15* |
| IL-12(70)† | 2514.76 ± 6898.68 | 1.04 ± 3.76* | 1.94 ± 3.69 | 74.50 ± 238.09 | 15.62 ± 45.25 |
| IL-15† | 255.59 ± 337.55 | 45.25 ± 14.91* | 184.36 ± 280.13 | 162.41 ± 200.63 | 26.24 ± 28.73* |
| IL-17† | 581.77 ± 1579.95 | 3.59 ± 1.73* | 10.40 ± 12.20 | 21.14 ± 54.60 | 4.82 ± 7.15* |
| IL-1α | 289.98 ± 337.54 | 666.21 ± 527.20 | 371.96 ± 261.58 | 458.40 ± 339.71 | 629.16 ± 480.71 |
| IL-1β | 1.58 ± 3.14 | 0.65 ± 2.34 | 1.27 ± 2.04 | 74.66 ± 264.02 | 3.86 ± 7.83 |
| IL-2 | 6.96 ± 14.91 | 0.09 ± 0.34 | 1.91 ± 5.61 | 9.32 ± 17.79 | 4.09 ± 9.84 |
| IL-4 | 51.52 ± 127.41 | 1.49 ± 0.20 | 1.74 ± 0.60 | 8.60 ± 25.44 | 3.70 ± 6.48 |
| IL-6 | 1275.32 ± 3544.87 | 3.36 ± 3.30 | 7.21 ± 7.41 | 21.23 ± 50.94 | 5.69 ± 8.94 |
| TNF-α† | 7.33 ± 4.02 | 1.57 ± 2.07* | 7.91 ± 8.45 | 16.25 ± 50.35 | 1.24 ± 2.60* |
| TGF-β1 | 51494.48 ± 23604.57 | 66067.78 ± 18777.09 | 73356.45 ± 22951.98 | 58807.36 ± 25015.67 | 73110.92 ± 17325.08* |
| IL-22 | 31.00 ± 46.45 | 17.68 ± 16.19 | 27.05 ± 31.48 | 13.00 ± 16.48 | 6.37 ± 5.56* |
| IL-23 | 126.59 ± 193.48 | 22.31 ± 61.77 | 1.96 ± 6.20 | 100.56 ± 376.25 | 41.34 ± 154.68 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Data obtained from each group were compared using the Kruskal Wallis test (†p < 0.05) followed by the Mann-Whitney U test (*). *Significant (p < 0.05) differences compared with the control group (group C) are marked by an asterisk. C: control group (vehicle (ethanol: Kolliphor® EL: saline = 1:1:8) 150 μl), P: methylprednisolone (5 mg/kg/day) treatment group, D: CKD-506, 10 mg/kg/day, E: CKD-506, 30 mg/kg/day, F: 50 mg/kg/day treatment group, GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, IFN-γ: interferon-γ, IL: interleukin, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1, SD: standard deviation.