Table 1.
Study characteristics
| Sample size | Outcomes reported | Country | Mean age, years (range) |
Sex (%) |
Length of follow-up* | Newcastle-Ottawa score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | |||||||
| Randomised controlled trial | ||||||||
| Burns et al (2013)24 | 336 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | England, UK | 39·6 (18–65) | 34% | 66% | 12 months | NA |
| Wagner et al (2003)25 | 264 | Use of community services | USA | NR | NR | NR | 12 months | NA |
| Steadman et al (2001)26 | 142 | Readmission to hospital | USA | 41 (NR) | 31% | 69% | 11 months | NA |
| Swartz et al (1999)27 | 264 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | 39·6 (NR) | 50% | 50% | 12 months | NA |
| Case-control study | ||||||||
| Van Dorn et al (2010)15 | 3576 | Readmission to hospital; treatment adherence | USA | 41·8 (NR) | 32% | 68% | 88 months | 6 |
| Cohort study | ||||||||
| Burgess et al (2006)†28 | 128 427 | Readmission to hospital | Australia | 40·1 (NR) | 47% | 53% | 96 months | 5 |
| Bursten (1986)29 | 156 | Readmission to hospital | USA | 35·9 (NR) | 36% | 64% | 14 months | 4 |
| Castells-Aulet et al (2015)30 | 150 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Spain | 41·6 (NR) | 33% | 66% | 24 months | 6 |
| Geller et al (1998)31 | 19 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | 38·5 (NR) | 37% | 63% | 6 months | 5 |
| Hernández-Viadel et al (2010)32 | 76 | Readmission to hospital | Spain | 41·5 (NR) | 32% | 68% | 6 months | 5 |
| Hiday and Scheid-Cook (1987)33 | 7002 | Readmission to hospital; use of community services; treatment adherence | USA | NR | 43% | 57% | 6 months | 3 |
| Hiday and Scheid-Cook (1989)34 | 740 | Readmission to hospital; use of community services | USA | NR | 41% | 59% | 6 months | 5 |
| Kisely et al (2005)35 | 392 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Australia | 37·2 (NR) | 35% | 65% | 12 months | 6 |
| Kisely et al (2004)36 | 754 | Readmission to hospital | Australia | 37·4 (NR) | 36% | 64% | 12 months | 8 |
| Pollack et al (2005)37 | 290 | Readmission to hospital; use of community services | USA | 42 (NR) | 47% | 53% | 36 months | 5 |
| Segal and Burgess (2006a)38 | 4146 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | Australia | 30·3 (NR) | 35% | 65% | 6 months | 6 |
| Segal and Burgess (2006b)39 | 24 973 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | Australia | 44·2 (NR) | 44% | 56% | 120 months | 7 |
| Segal et al (2009)40 | 246 | Use of community services | Australia | 33·9 (NR) | 35% | 65% | 12 months | 8 |
| Swartz et al (2010)‡41 | 3576 | Readmission to hospital; use of community services; treatment adherence | USA | 41·8 (NR) | 32% | 68% | 96 months | 5 |
| Pre-post study design | ||||||||
| Awara et al (2013)42 | 34 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | England, UK | 45 (NR) | 32% | 68% | 6 months | 6 |
| Castells-Aulet et al (2013)43 | 91 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Spain | 41 (22–71) | 33% | 63% | 24 months | 8 |
| Christy et al (2009)44 | 50 | Readmission to hospital | USA | 41 (19–NR) | 52% | 48% | 24 months | 8 |
| Dye et al (2012)45 | 21 | Readmission to hospital; treatment adherence | England, UK | 50 (NR) | 45% | 55% | 24 months | 8 |
| Erickson (2005)46 | 100 | Readmission to hospital | USA | 36·6 (18–65) | 43% | 57% | 18 months | 8 |
| Fernandez and Nygard (1990)47 | 4179 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | 36·8 (NR) | 41% | 59% | 36 months | 8 |
| Kallapiran et al (2010)48 | 28 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | NR | 19% | 81% | 12 months | 9 |
| Kijellin and Pelto-Piri (2014)49 | 1038 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Sweden | NR | 50% | 50% | 24 months | 8 |
| Lera-Calatayud et al (2014)50 | 140 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Spain | 41 (21–75) | 34% | 66% | 12 months | 8 |
| Muirhead et al (2006)51 | 94 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | USA | 39·4 (18–66) | 30% | 70% | 12 months | 9 |
| Munetz et al (1996)52 | 20 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | USA | 41·4 | 45% | 55% | 12 months | 8 |
| O'Brien and Farrell (2005)53 | NR | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | Canada | 45 (20–70) | 40% | 60% | 12 months | 8 |
| O'Brien et al (2009)54 | 84 | Use of community services | Canada | 42 (16–76) | 40% | 60% | 12 months | 7 |
| O'Keefe et al (1997)55 | 26 | Inpatient bed-days; treatment adherence | USA | 43 (NR) | 46% | 54% | 24 months | 6 |
| Ozgul and Brunero (1997)56 | 46 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Australia | 36 (NR) | 33% | 67% | 36 months | 7 |
| Rawala and Gupta (2014)57 | 37 | Treatment adherence | England, UK | 40·9 (25–65) | 8% | 92% | 6 months | 7 |
| Rohland et al (2000)58 | 81 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | 36·9 (18–76) | 38% | 62% | 60 months | 8 |
| Taylor et al (2016)59 | 1558 | Inpatient bed-days | Scotland, UK | NR | 37% | 63% | 12 months | 7 |
| Cohort study with pre-post design | ||||||||
| Hunt et al (2007)60 | 316 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days; use of community services | Canada | NR | 55% | 45% | 12 months | 6 |
| Kisely et al (2013)61 | 5916 | Inpatient bed-days; use of community services | Australia | 36·8 (NR) | 36% | 64% | 12 months | 5 |
| Vaughan et al (2000)62 | 246 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | Australia | 36·1 (NR) | 32% | 68% | 24 months | 7 |
| Zanni and Stavis (2007)63 | 115 | Readmission to hospital; inpatient bed-days | USA | NR | NR | NR | 24 months | 8 |
NA=not applicable. NR=not recorded.
*
Maximum follow-up reported in study; however, 12 month data was extracted for analysis when available, or data closest to 12 months when not.
†
Only hazard ratios were provided, which could not be combined with other outcomes, therefore this study was excluded from the main meta-analysis.
‡
Only adjusted data were provided, therefore this study was not included in the main meta-analysis.